竞技体操运动员初级科学选材原理与测量方法探讨.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 4 竞技体操运动员初级科学选材原理与测量方法探讨 赵　锢 摘要：目的 为探讨竞技体操运动员基层选材的原理和方法，提供科学、简单易行的选材方法和指标参考依据。方法 运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法等，了解到北京市体操基层选材的主观性较强，以各种素质的遗传学中遗传度为科学依据，结合竞技体操本项目特点，对五大素质各个指标进行分析与研究。结果 形态类、机能类、心理素质类以及智商类主要评价指标遗传度相对较高，应结合体操项目要求，对各指标重点测试。运动素质的遗传度都比较低，后天环境和训练对运动素质的影响是比较大，可塑性较强，难以预测。在基层选材工作中，教练员的经验判断更是起到了相当重要的作用。测试完成后，应对所有测试指标综合考虑，即要考虑受试者的先天因素，又要考虑到其发展潜力；即要考虑单项指标的高低，又要注意指标之间的补偿性原理。结论 应根据各指标不同的遗传度，必须依照多样性、补偿性和动态性等原则，寻求简单易行、能反映竞技体操运动员的指标指导体操基层选材实践。 关键词：竞技体操运动员；初级；选材；原理与方法 Athletics Gymnast Basic Unit Scientific Selection Principle and Method Discussion Abstract:The purpose contests gymnastics athlete a basic level to choose principle and method of material for the study and provide science and in brief and easily go of choose material method and index sign reference basis.The cultural heritage data method, expert of the method usage interviews method, questionnaire survey...etc. and understand gymnastics basic level in Peking City to choose the subjective of the material stronger, take the heredity degree in the genetics of various character as science basis, combine tournament gymnastics this item characteristics, carry on analysis and study to each index sign of the five greatest characters.The result appearance, function, mental character and intelligence quotient mainly evaluate index sign heredity a degree opposite and higher, should combine gymnastics item to request, to the each index sign point test.The heredity degree of sport character is all lower, environment and the influence of the training upon the sport character are more big the day after tomorrow, the plasticity is stronger, hard estimate.In the basic level choose the material work, the experience judgment of the coach member more included very important function.The test replies all considerations with comprehensive test index signs after complete, then want to consider the test-receivers inborn factor, and then want in consideration of its development potential;Namely want Gao Di who consider the sing