桉树幼树蒸腾和林地土壤蒸发及入渗研究生态学专业论文.docxVIP

蒸腾速率。(3)桉树蒸腾速率与饱和水气压差、光照强度和空气温度呈正相关关 蒸腾速率。 (3)桉树蒸腾速率与饱和水气压差、光照强度和空气温度呈正相关关 系，与空气相对湿度负相关。在极端光强下，其他气象因子对桉树蒸腾速 率作用更显著。 (4)桉树人工林土壤蒸发强度随降雨强度增加而增大，日均蒸发量与 降雨量的增长呈极显著的指数函数增长，其拐点大约在雨强lOmm。随着 土壤水分含量的增加土壤蒸发强度与太阳辐射和风速间的相关性增强，但 当模拟雨量达20mm时，土壤蒸发强度与各气象因子相关性减弱。 (5)桉树人工林除草显著加快林地土壤蒸发速率，除草方式对土壤蒸 发的影响受季节和降雨等条件调控。机械除草能使地表快速裸露从而加快 除草后短期内土壤蒸发的强度，除草剂除草后短期内土壤蒸发速率增加幅 度较机械除草小，但在喷药30天后能大幅度加快土壤蒸发速率，并能维持 较长的时间。除草剂除草日均蒸发量最大，为1．039__+0．424mm·d～，其次为 机械除草0．997±0．395 tortl．d-1，未除草处理最小，为0．747±0．260 i／ira·d～。 (6)经营周期长的人工林改植短周期桉树林后，土壤饱和导水率增加 20％．467％，累计入渗量增加，土壤入渗能力增强；随着桉树连栽代次增加， 饱和导水率增加，但随着桉树林龄增加土壤饱和导水率反而下降；同龄级 人工林土壤饱和导水率的大小关系为杉木．米老排混交林马尾松林杉 木林。 关键词：幼树蒸腾土壤蒸发土壤入渗气象因子桉树 万方数据 RESEARCH RESEARCH ON TRANSPIRATION OF SAPLINGS AND SOIL EVAPORATION，INFILTRATION OF EUCALYPTUS PLANTATION ABSTRACT By redistributing evapotranspiration of forest，soil infiltration and runoff, vegetation change impacts on hydrological processes ecologically,thus affecting the water balance of the forest．Evapotranspiration is the focus of ecohydrological research in forest ecosystems，but previous studies have not completely separated soil evaporation from evapotranspiration．Soil infiltration is an extremely important flux of rainfall redistribution，and directly affects the runoff process．It is the most important hydrological processes affecting the runoff．Studies of soil infiltration after conversion of relevant long rotation cycle forest to short period eucalyptus plantation has not been reported． Effect of sun illumination，wind speed，leaf age on eucalyptus saplings transpiration rate were studied by pot experiment，to investigate the process and characteristics of eucalyptus plantations effecting on the main eco．hydrological processes．Evaporation of the site under different soil moisture content and weeding was measured using small evaporators．Single tings were used to study the soil moisture infiltration characteristics of different stand ages(generations) of eucalyptus plantations and of afforestation front stand(Masson pine， III 万方