钻井工程英文课件14.1 Pressures.pptVIP

* We will demonstrate with an example calculation. * We will calculate the pressure losses in the entire circulating system. * Inside the drillpipe we calculate n, K and average velocity. * Next we calculat the effective viscosity, and the Reynolds number. * We calculate a and b to be used along with the Reynolds number to calculate the friction factor. * Finally the pressure drop in the drill pipe. * Repeat inside the drill collars. Remember to use the 300 and 600 rpm readings inside the drill string. * The new API publication recommends a simpler equation to calculate the pressure drop through the bit. * Now we use the 3 and 100 rpm readings to calculate pressure losses in the annulus. * The DC OH annulus. * The DP OH annulus. * Pump pressure can now be calculated by summing all the pressure drops in the system. * Here we plot the circulating pressure as a function of the cumulative distanced from the standpipe. * The HSP vs. distance from the standpipe. * Now combined. * Same plotted vs. depth in the well. * If flow in the drillpipe is laminar the friction factor can be calculated with the above and used in the frictional pressure equation. * 14.1-1 Pressures * API Power Law Model K = consistency index n = flow behaviour index 0 API RP 13D * Rotating Sleeve Viscometer VISCOMETER RPM 3 100 300 600 (RPM * 1.703) SHEAR RATE sec -1 5.11 170.3 511 1022 BOB SLEEVE ANNULUS DRILLSTRING * Pressure Drop Calculations Example Calculate the pump pressure in the wellbore shown on the next page, using the API method. The relevant rotational viscometer readings are as follows: R3 = 3 (at 3 RPM) R100 = 20 (at 100 RPM) R300 = 39 (at 300 RPM) R600 = 65 (at 600 RPM) * PPUMP = DPDP + DPDC + DPBIT NOZZLES + DPDC/ANN + DPDP/ANN + DPHYD Q = 280 gal/min r = 12.5 lb/gal Pressure DropCalculations PPUMP * Power-Law Constant (n): Pressure Drop In Drill Pipe Fluid Consistency Index (K): Average Bulk Velocity in Pipe (V):