钻井工程英文课件17.1 Rock Mechanics.pptVIP

* Solution to a batch entrainment problem is by sequential application of equations for the required time period. As an example the calculation for hole ID=12 and pack with mass of 55 kg with different grain size distribution (1) was performed. Calculations show that grain size distribution is continuously changing. The large debris (d= 0.5 cm with highest terminal velocity) remain within blowing borehole, while small particles (d0.2 cm) are removed. The model allows to estimate mass rate – this is that we are looking for. * The second model means that erosion is driven by the discharge cq of fluidized particles (c - transport concentration; q-volume discharge). Generated mass (change in porosity ?) is equal to transported mass. The Darcy law described fluid flow : Carman-Kozeny equation for permeability describes how the permeability changes in the eroded regions as a function of porosity. * Model can describe surface erosion (1-with high porosity close to surface) and piping (2 – total removing of particles). The erosion is also assumed to be more intense in intact regions, which are characterized with smaller porosity, and thus mass generation (d?/dt) is proportional to 1-?. The proportional coefficient ? (empirical) has dimensions of inverse length and related to spatial frequency of the potential erosion starter points in the solid skeleton. It is expected to be function of rock damage. (High damage=high erosion)  * Both models give the similar qualitative results, which are consistent with solid production after change in wellbore pressure: Limited cavern size; Peak solid load at early time; Limited time of solid production. * Both models provide the estimation of the solids production rate, the duration of formation production, and porosity (grain size) change near failed regions. However both of them have a poor defined empirical constants. * With known solid load we can calculate the total pressure drop. Due to transient nature of the solid load