德国古典哲学中的历史理性马克思主义哲学专业论文.docxVIP

中文摘要历史理性就其实质而言，不过是在历史的进程中生成的人的理性。 中文摘要 历史理性就其实质而言，不过是在历史的进程中生成的人的理性。 因此，对历史理性的理解就必须从对人本身的理解进行。由于在不同 的历史时期，人类自身发展的程度不同、人类的自我意识觉醒的程度 不同，因而就会形成对历史理性的不同理解。真正把理性与人的本质 联系起来，从人本身出发去阐释历史理性，是从德国古典哲学开始的。 康德把哲学的本质导回到自我意识，确定了人之存在的绝对主体性， 并从人本身出发去阐释人类的历史，将将的历史理解为一个理性的进 程。但由于康德哲学的二元论性质，历史理性最终表现“自然的目的”。 费希特批判了康德哲学的二元论，赋予哲学一个绝对的原则一一自我 意识，并以此将历史理性阐释为一个自我发展的宇宙蓝图。费希特对 自我意识的理解还不是理念，因而还没有超越于主观性之上。但是费 希特开始了从康德向黑格尔的转折，历史理性终于转向人本身，尽管 还没有达到主体与客体或自我与非我之完备的、真实的统一。只有黑 格尔才真正实现了这种统一，把历史理性理解成理性与激情的统一， 并以此阐明了人类历史的理性进程。只是黑格尔把理性仅仅理解为精 神、理念，因而无法阐明现实的、具体的历史过程。但黑格尔的哲学 为真正理解历史理性的生成性奠定了基础。 关键词：理性、历史、历史理性、德国古典哲学、生成 AbstractHistorical Abstract Historical reason by nature js nothing but human reason generated in the course of history．Therefore．any understanding 0f historical reason must start from humanity itself．Due to different degrees of human development and the wakening of human self-consciousness in different historical stages there came different interpretations of historical reason． It was sincere the start of German historical reason that reason and human nature was linked and explanation 0f historical reason was made from the perspective of humanity itself．Kant brought the nature of philosophy back to self-consciousness and determined the existence of man as absolute subjectivity．And he set out to explain human history from humanity itself and interpreted history as a rational course of development．Because of the duality of Kantian philosophy．historical inter廿retation ultimately exhibits itself as‘natural goal’．Fichte criticized the duality 0f Kantian philosophy and endowed philosophy with an absolute principle． i．e． self-consciousness whereby he explained historical reason as a universal blueprint for self development．Fichte’S understanding of self-consciousness is not an idea．Therefore，it did not transcend SUbiectivity．Although a perfect and genuine combination of SUbjectivity and obi eetivity or self and other than self was not realized， Fichte did begin to turn from Kant to Hegel and thus his