鲍与扇贝遗传育种中的分子标记研究水产养殖专业论文.docxVIP

鲍与扇贝遗传育种中的分子标记研究鲍与扇贝遗传育种中的分子标记研究 鲍与扇贝遗传育种中的分子标记研究 鲍与扇贝遗传育种中的分子标记研究 提 要 本论文针对鲍和扇贝遗传育种中有关问题，应用RAPD、AFLP及ISSR三 种分子标记技术从分子生物学水平上进行了探讨。 首次从DNA水平上表明了皱纹盘鲍与曰本盘鲍属于亲缘关系较近的两个亚 种，它们的杂交子代在生长率和成活率方面具有较强杂种优势，标记分析表明杂 交种低频率位点数增多且遗传变异升高；为了保护日益受到威胁的本地鲍的种质 资源，本文发展了12个鉴定标记，应用这些标记可以准确地将皱纹盘鲍、日本 盘鲍及其杂交种加以区分；发展了一种应用显性标记进行混养群体中家系划分的 新方法，为纯系的培育提供了捷径；为了揭示不同的亲本数目对养殖群体遗传结 构的影响，分析了不同亲本数目的几个群体，结果表明过少的亲本数容易导致稀 有位点的丢失和杂合度的暂时升高；首次应用拟测交策略构建了皱纹盘鲍与日本 盘鲍的遗传连锁图谱，为贝类的遗传图谱构建提供了新的思路；找到了在扇贝中 分布丰富的微卫星重复序列，并应用它们对栉孔扇贝、华贵栉孔扇贝及其单对杂 交子代幼虫进行分析，证实了栉孔扇贝和华贵栉孔扇贝可以成功的进行远缘杂 交，但子代的遗传位点在很大程度上偏向于栉孔扇贝。 以上研究为鲍和扇贝的杂种优势利用、种质资源保护、家系鉴定，遗传连锁 图谱构建及远缘杂交中位点的传递分离特点提供了分子生物学的基础和方法，为 将分子标记辅助育种技术应用于贝类的遗传育种提供了依据和方法。 关键词：鲍、扇贝、分予标记、遗传育种 塑兰塑墨望堡重壁皇堕坌王堡里婴墨——The 塑兰塑墨望堡重壁皇堕坌王堡里婴墨—— The Application of Molecular Markers in Genetic Breeding ofAbalone and Scallop ABSTRACT In this resealch，molecular markers，RAPD、AFLP and ISSR ale applied to investigate and solve problems involved in genetic breeding in abalone and scallop． Haliotis discus hannai and H discus discus were proved to be subspecies on the levels of genome for the first time．and their hybrids、Ⅳim strong heterosis showed more low-frequency loci and higher variation．In order to protect the threatened stock of月=discus hannai．12 specific markers were found to distinguish it from its hybrids efficiently．A new method using dominant markers WaS developed to identify different families from mixed population，which offered a convenient way to breed pure lines． To reveal the influence of stock size on population structure．groups witll different number ofparentS were analyzed,and it was indicated too fewer parents easily caused the loss ofrare loci and temporal increase ofheterozygosity．Through pseudo-testcross mapping strategy,the linkage maps of且discus were constructed．providing new way to construct shellfish map using existing biological material．By ISSR technique，we found the rich microsatellites distributing in scallop．And the inheritance and segregation of mierosatellite markers from two species，