冬小麦夏玉米大面积高产高效的限制因素与技术途径研究植物营养学专业论文.docxVIP

(4)通过冬小麦春季追肥试验可以看出，春季追氮对提高冬小麦产量作用显著， (4)通过冬小麦春季追肥试验可以看出，春季追氮对提高冬小麦产量作用显著， 与不追氮处理相比，增产率大于10％．推荐追氮处理与农民习惯追氮处理相比，能显 著降低追氮量，减氮率大于40％．综合考虑增产和节氮效果，小群体和中等群体区更 适合采用土壤硝态氮测试和茎基部硝酸盐测试推荐技术进行氮肥的推荐，在大群体区 则采用总茎数推荐技术更优。可见，采用合适的春季追肥技术是实现冬小麦高产高效 的重要措施。 (5)在2014．2015年两个年度的冬小麦．夏玉米配方肥试验中，相较于农户常规 施肥技术，测土配方施肥技术的应用可以明显增加籽粒产量，提高氮肥利用效率。在 冬小麦配方肥试验中，配方肥处理的平均增产率和养分增效率分别为14％和34％， 该处理冬小麦的穗粒数和千粒重水平有明显提升；在夏玉米配方肥试验中，配方肥处 理的平均增产率和养分增效率分别为15％和20％，该处理的夏玉米的穗数、千粒重 均明显高于同年的农户习惯处理的相应指标。由此表明，测土配方施肥是大面积增产 增效的重要途径。 关键词：冬小麦：夏玉米；产量差；氮养分效率差；限制因素；技术途径 万方数据 Study Study on Limiting Factors and Technical Approaches for IHgh-Yield and High-Efficiency of Winter Wheat and Summer Corn Author：Chela Dongdong Major：Plant Nutrition SupeTvisor：Prof．Ma Wenqi Abstract China is currently the most populous country in the world．In order to cope with the growing population pressure．increasing food production and improving I^esouI．ce use efficiency is the first long-term goal of sustainable development of agriculture in China． However,the problems ofhi曲input，high consumption，low efficiency and low output are serious in agricultural production，and the related problems are also prominent in winter wheat and SUlTllner maize rotation system in the North China plain．Therefore，analyzing the primary causes of yield gap and resource use efficiency gap，exploring the technical measures to reduced yield gap and resource use efficiency gap，achieving f．ood crops high yield and hi911 efficiency in the large area are the important way to ensure food security and to maintain the coordinated development of agriculture and environment in China．In this paper,based on the data derived from investigation on farmers’crop production and collected from field experiment in winter wheat and summer maize rotation system，we systematically researched the primary causes of yield gap and resource use efficiency gap and quantified the degree of influence of the causes．We tried to propose and verity the key technologies to realize high yield and high efficiency