内蒙古鄂尔多斯市玉米施肥指标体系研究.docxVIP

内蒙古鄂尔多斯市玉米施肥指标体系研究 　　摘要：以郑单958为供试品种，应用“3414”试验，按照缺素区相对产量50%、65%、75%、85%和95%将碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量分别划分为4、4、5个等级，并采用一元二次和线性加平台模型对施肥量与相对产量关系进行模拟，计算最佳肥料用量。结果表明，当土壤碱解氮处于75 mg/kg时，推?]氮肥用量分别为280～330、245～280、220～245和0～220 kg/hm2；当有效磷处于30 mg/kg时，推荐磷肥用量分别为190～210、165～190、145～165和0～145 kg/hm2；当速效钾处于 150 mg/kg时，推荐钾肥用量分别为165～200、160～165、135～160、125～135和0～125 kg/hm2，从而确定了鄂尔多斯市玉米施肥指标体系。　　关键词：玉米；推荐施肥；鄂尔多斯市　　中图分类号：S513 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439--3626-04　　DOI：/　　Abstract： Taking Zheng Dan 958 as the tested cultivar and based on the experiment of“3414”， alkaline hydrolysable nitrogen，available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil of deficiency area were divided into 4，5 and 5 levels according to relative yield of 50%，65%，75%，85% and 95% respectively. One element and two equations and linear plus platform model was used to simulator the relationship between the fertilizer application amount and yield，and the optimum application amount of fertilizer was calculated. The results showed that，when the soil alkaline hydrolysable nitrogen was the level of low，middle，relatively high and high ，the recommended nitrogen application amount was high ，relatively high ，middle and low，respectively；When available phosphorus was the level of low，middle，relatively high and high，the recommended phosphorus application amount was high ，relatively high，middle and low，respectively；when the available potassium was the level of low，relatively low ，middle ，relatively high and high， the recommended phosphorus application amount was high ， relatively high，middle，relatively low and low，respectively. Fertilization index system of maize in Ordos city was determined.　　Key words： maize； recommended fertilization； Ordos city　　玉米是世界重要的粮食和饲料作物之一。由于中国人多地少特殊国情和耕地肥力水平下降等原因，决定了过去和今后很长一段时间内施肥是玉米高产关键技术措施。平衡施用氮、磷、钾肥可提高玉米产量，促进养分吸收，改善营养品质，提高经济效益。氮、磷、钾缺乏和配比不平衡严重影响玉米高产稳产[1]。当前在玉米生产中普遍存在重氮轻磷钾不合理施肥现象[2]，且随着玉米肥料投入增加，利用率逐渐下降[3]，施肥技术和肥料品种与科学施肥的要求很不适应[4]。玉米是内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市第一大粮食作物，目前尚无玉米施肥指标体系相关报道，因此，迫切需要制定一套行之有效的施肥指标体系，促进玉米节本增效，减轻生态环境压力。本