转换生成语法.ppt

Transformational-Generative Grammar 转化生成语法 Introduction Some theories context The Development of TG Grammar In the late 1950s, a new theory appeared in America and violently punched the prevailing structuralist descriptive linguistics. The founder of this new theory was N. Chomsky established the well-known Transformational- Generative (TG) Grammar. The publication of his Syntactic Structures ( 1957 ) marked the beginning of the Chomskyan Revolution. Introduction Transformational Generative Grammar (TG) Norm Chomsky’s some important works: (1957) Syntactic Structure; (1965) Aspects of the Theory of Syntax; (1981) Lectures on Government and Binding; (1986) Barriers (1993) A Minimalist Program for Linguistic Theory; (1995) The Minimalist Program; (1998) The Minimalist Inquiry …… The Innateness Hypothesis （天赋假设） Chomsky believes that children are born with a predisposition to develop a language in much the same way as they are born with a predisposition to learn to walk. Language is somewhat innate, and children are born with what he calls a Language Acquisition Device (LAD)语言习得机制. The idea that children are predisposed to acquire a language is called the innateness hypothesis. Chomsky’s Theory Language acquisition device An important concept of innateness hypothesis, which explains how children are able to learn their language. The capacity to acquire one’s first language. Includes basic knowledge about the nature and structure of human language (grammatical relations and categories). Every normal human being was born with an LAD. Universal Grammar 普遍语法 Children are born with an innate faculty for language in general, it implies that human languages have underlying principles in common, which is called by Chomsky language universals or linguistic universals: the common features shared by all human languages. The study of these features is universal gr