反應速率加快.PPT

* * Ea = 53 kJ ln(2) = (Ea / 8.3145 J/K·mol)[(1/298 K) – (1/308 K)] * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ln(0.65) = –k(55) + ln(1) k = 7.8 x 10-3 min-1. If students use [A] = 35 in the integrated rate law (instead of 65), they will get k = 1.9 x 10-2 min-1. Note: Use the red box animation to assist in explaining how to solve the problem. * * * * a) rate = k[A]2 We know this is second order because the second half–life is double the preceding one. b) k = 8.0 x 10-3 M–1min–1 25 min = 1 / k(5.0 M) c) [A] = 0.23 M (1 / [A]) = (8.0 x 10-3 M–1min–1)(525 min) + (1 / 5.0 M) * * * * * * a) 4.7 M [A] = –(1.0×10–2)(30.0) + 5.0 b) 3.7 M ln[A] = –(1.0×10–2)(30.0) + ln(5.0) c) 2.0 M (1 / [A]) = (1.0×10–2)(30.0) + (1 / 5.0) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Copyright ? Cengage Learning. All rights reserved * A substance that speeds up a reaction without being consumed itself. Provides a new pathway for the reaction with a lower activation energy. Catalyst Copyright ? Cengage Learning. All rights reserved * Energy Plots for a Catalyzed and an Uncatalyzed Pathway for a Given Reaction Copyright ? Cengage Learning. All rights reserved * Effect of a Catalyst on the Number of Reaction-Producing Collisions Catalysts are classified as homogeneous or heterogeneous A homogeneous catalyst is one that is present in the same phase as the reacting molecules. A heterogeneous catalyst exist in a different phase, usually as a solid. Copyright ? Cengage Learning. All rights reserved * Copyright ? Cengage Learning. All rights reserved * Most often involves gaseous reactants being adsorbed on the surface of a solid catalyst. Adsorption – collection of one substance on the surface of another substance. Heterogeneous Catalyst Copyright ? Cengage Learning. All rights reserved * Adsorption and activation of the reactants. Migration of the adsorbed reactants on the surface. Reaction of the adsorbed substances. Escape, or desorption, of the products. Heterogeneous Catalyst Heterogeneous Catalysis of