高屏地区南黄蓟马.DOC

高屏地区南黄蓟马

高屏地區南黃薊馬( Thrips palmi Karny )對殺蟲劑之 感受性調查及對第滅寧抗性機制之探討 The toxicity of the insecticides and the mechanism associated with deltamethrin resistance in melon thrips ( Thrips palmi Karny ) collected from Kaohsiung and Pingtung area 研究生:蔡秉宗 Tsai, Ping-Tsung 指導教授:辛竹英 Hsin, Chu-Ying 【摘要】 南黃薊馬( Thrips palmi Karny )為臺灣中南部茄子及瓜類作物上之重要害蟲,目前農民主要以殺蟲劑防治南黃薊馬,在長期連續施用藥劑下造成南黃薊馬對藥劑敏感性明顯降低,對合成除蟲菊類藥劑的反應尤其明顯;本研究擬瞭解南黃薊馬對推薦藥劑感受性的現況並探討其對第滅寧之抗性機制。藥劑感受性現況偵測包括調查高屏地區不同用藥歷史之茄田施藥情形,並採集南黃薊馬成蟲,以人工大量繁殖後,取南黃薊馬二齡幼蟲以浸葉法分別測試其對益達胺、覆滅蟎及第滅寧之感受性;生物檢測結果顯示益達胺的藥效佳,覆滅蟎次之,第滅寧最差;南黃薊馬對第滅寧的抗性研究是以泰武地區南黃薊馬為參考品系,結果發現屏東市歸來地區的南黃薊馬對第滅寧原體及成品之抗性比分別大於7.7及17.5倍,旗山地區南黃薊馬對第滅寧原體抗性比,在十個月內提高約7.4倍,對成品之抗性比更高達16.3倍,顯示歸來及旗山之南黃薊馬已對第滅寧產生抗性。在第滅寧藥液中添加協力劑piperonyl butoxide ( PBO )的生物檢測,結果對歸來及海豐兩地區南黃薊馬協力比超過21.8及18.7倍,顯示南黃薊馬對第滅寧之抗性與氧化酵素( cytochrome P450 )活性有關。將泰武、海豐及歸來地區採集之南黃薊馬成蟲及幼蟲之RNA,經反轉錄反應( reverse transcription ),所得之cDNA以CYP6單氧酶之簡併引子對(degenerate primers)進行PCR反應及電泳分析,結果三個地區南黃薊馬成蟲及幼蟲的電泳圖在390 bp處均顯示一明顯條帶,將此條帶定序後確認為CYP6家族中的單一基因序列,暫命名為CYP6-TP;進一步由CYP6-TP基因序列設計專一性引子對,以泰武、海豐及歸來地區之南黃薊馬cDNA為模板進行即時定量PCR ( real-time PCR )反應,顯示歸來及海豐地區南黃薊馬成蟲CYP6-TP基因表現量分別比泰武地區高4.63及2.81倍,此結果與生物檢測之抗性比值呈正相關,推測南黃薊馬對第滅寧產生抗性與CYP6-TP氧化酵素活性提高有關。 關鍵字:南黃薊馬、抗藥性、合成除蟲菊、即時定量PCR ( Real-time PCR ) 【Abstract】 Thrips palmi Karny was the major pest on eggplant and melon in central and southern Taiwan. Farmers mainly used pesticide to control T. palmi. The susceptibility of T. palmi to three insecticides, especially pyrethroids, decreased obviously under continuous selection pressure of insecticides. This study was to test the toxicity of imidacloprid, formetanate and deltamethrin, using leaf dip method, to the second-instar larvae of T. palmi that were obtained from the mass rearing of T. palmi collected from eggplants fields with different pesticide application history. The best efficacy of insecticides was imidacloprid, followed by formetanate and deltamethrin. Using T. palmi from Tai-Wu area as reference strain, the resistance ratios of technical and commercial grade of d

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