基于XFEM的钢制梳形板裂纹扩展分析-工程力学专业论文.docxVIP

Crack propagation analysis of expansion joints Based on extended finite element method A Dissertation Submitted for the Degree of Master Candidate：Zhou Xiaofei Supervisor：Prof. Yin Guansheng Chang’an University, Xi’an, China i i PAGE PAGE iv 摘 要 材料裂纹的扩展是一个经典的不连续问题，采用常规的有限元方法难以实现裂纹扩 展过程的仿真模拟。为了解决传统有限元方法（conventional finite element method）的诸 多弊端，扩展有限元方法（Extend finite element method，XFEM）引入水平集函数 （Heaviside function）描述裂纹形态，实现了裂纹在单元内部的萌生与发展，避免了传 统方法中网格细化与重新剖分带来的计算量，此外，XFEM 中可以预置裂纹（crack）来 模拟裂纹尖端的应力奇异，使用材料弱化定义方法实现损伤机理，所以说 XFEM 开辟了 一种新的思考有限元的方式。 本文阐述了断裂力学的基本理论，讨论了材料在不同条件下的开裂判据与演化法 则，以 ABAQUS 6.12 为平台，模拟了二维裂缝的发展情况，并与力学中的经典解答进 行对比，证明了该方法在网格较为粗略的情况下仍可以达到较好的计算精度。 计算分析了钢制梳形板在承受齿尖竖向荷载作用下的断裂行为，模拟了分别施加静 力荷载和疲劳荷载作用下梳形板齿根部位裂缝的发展情况，结果表明，扩展有限元方法 能够有效地进行开裂过程仿真，不受单元制约，无需局部加密，有效的减少了单元数量， 节约的计算成本，为解决实际复杂问题提供了方便的途径。 关键词：力学；XFEM；数值方法；ABAQUS；钢制梳形板；裂纹扩展模拟 Abstract Crack growth of materials is a typical discontinuous problem, it is difficult to achieve simulation of crack growth process with conventional finite element method. In order to solve the defects of conventional methods, XFEM introduces level set function method to describe crack shape, realizing initiation and development of crack in the inner unit and avoiding the calculating pressure on mesh refinement and re-split with conventional method. Besides, XFEM can preset crack to simulate the stress singularity of crack tip, realize damage mechanism by definition method of material weakening, so that the XFEM can not be too epoch-making significance for studying finite element. This paper elaborates the basic theory of fracture mechanics, discusses the crack criterion and evolution rules of materials under different conditions, simulates the development of two-dimensional cracks with ABAQUS 6.12 as a platform; moreover, compared answers with classical mechanics, it proves that XFEM method can still reach a better calculation accuracy in the case of relatively coarse mesh. The calculation analysises the fracture behavior of Expans