基于光子晶体新型太阳电池陷光结构的实验研究-材料物理与化学专业论文.docxVIP

河北工业大学硕士学位论文 基于光子晶体新型太阳电池陷光结构的实验研究 基于光子晶体新型太阳电池陷光结构的实验研究 摘要 提高太阳电池的光电转换效率，降低电池的生产成本，一直以来是光伏行业 研究的主要课题。薄膜太阳电池以使用有限的材料降低了成本，被广泛认为是未 来光伏产业的主流方向。但是，薄膜太阳电池厚度一般在纳米量级，这使得电池 中太阳光的光程减小，吸收明显下降。因此，如何构造优异的陷光结构来提高薄 膜电池对光的利用率，成为该领域的研究热点。 本文以光子禁带和波动光学为理论基础，利用一维光子晶体作为高效率的分 布布拉格（Distributed Bragg Reflector，DBR）反射镜，以光子晶体光栅作为光 散射元件，研究了运用于薄膜太阳电池的新型陷光结构。 首先，理论模拟研究了一维光子晶体中介质层周期数、厚度、折射率差和光 的入射角度对禁带大小和范围的影响，以及级联式和渐变式两种光子禁带展宽方 法，并探讨了金属层的引入对光子禁带的影响。 其次，在光栅结构衍射效率方面，分析了矩形光栅和三角形光栅的 0 级衍射 效率。研究结果表明，对于矩形光栅，在占空比为 0.50 时 0 级衍射效率最小； 对于三角形光栅，在占空比为 0.75 时 0 级衍射效率最小。 最后，根据实际的光栅加工和薄膜电池沉积条件，制备了背反射层为光栅型 的薄膜太阳电池。实验结果表明，采用周期性光子晶体陷光结构，可以显著提高 薄膜太阳电池在长波段(700～900nm)的光谱响应。 关键词：光子晶体，陷光结构，光子禁带，光栅结构，太阳能电池 i PAGE PAGE iv THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SOLAR CELL NEW LIGHT TRAPPING STRUCTURE BASED ON PHOTONIC CRYSTAL ABSTRACT Improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and reducing the production cost of solar cells are the main subject of photovoltaic industry for a long time. Thin-film solar cells have been widely considered as the coming mainstream of the photovoltaic industry because of their lower cost by using limited materials. However, the thickness of thin film solar cells is generally at the nanometer level, which makes the optical path of the solar cells short and the absorption decrease obviously. Therefore, fabrication of excellent light trapping structures become the research focus in photovoltaic industry to improve the light utilization efficiency of thin-film solar cells. In this paper, Based on the theory of photonic crystals, a light trapping structure used in thin film solar cells was proposed, in which the one-dimension photonic crystal acts as Distributed Bragg Reflector, the photonic crystal grating works as light scattering element. Firstly, the effect of the medium layer of period number, thickness, refractive index difference and light incident angle in one-dimensional photonic crystals on the photonic band gap size and scope was simulated theoretically. The method of broade