基于机理分析的抽油机动态建模及控制-控制科学与工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 游梁式抽油机是最常见的有杆采油机械，由于其结构简单，能适应野外恶劣天气， 便于维护，能长时间运转，依旧广泛应用于各大油田。但其能耗大、效率低的缺点至今 仍没有很好的解决。无论是以水换油还是以电驱油，都造成了能源的浪费，因此针对游 梁式抽油机节能降耗问题的研究显得十分重要。 本文分析了游梁式抽油机的运动规律，并对其四连杆机构进行精确分析和仿真研 究。在此基础上，结合游梁式抽油机的悬点动、静载荷，曲柄扭矩等，计算出游梁式抽 油机的等效力矩和等效转动惯量，得到系统的等效动力学模型。在施耐德电气平台上， 通过Unity Pro软件、PLC和变频器实现对游梁式抽油机实验装置的转速控制，分析了 产液量、悬点峰值载荷、电机输出功率和电机频率之间的关系，设计通过泵充满度进行 动态反馈控制电机转速的节能方案。通过变频器实现对电机的软启动和无级调速，可以 有效保护电机，延长其使用寿命。在Unity Pro中实现了对转速的PID控制和操作员屏 幕组态，再结合人机界面工程软件vijeo Designer实现触摸屏画面的组态，通过将工程 下载到单个或多个目标机器中，可在触摸屏上直接进行操作，简单方便。 本实验充分利用中国石油大学(华东)——施耐德联合电气实验室的现有装置，通 过以太网连接，实现上位机、PLC、变频器和触摸屏之间的交互式通信。结合游梁式抽 油机实验装置，进行节能问题的研究和控制。 关键词：游梁式抽油机，动态模型，施耐德PLC、节能、人机晃面 Beam Beam Pumping Unit Dynamic Modeling and Control based on the Mechanism Analysis Cheng Huan(Control Science and Engineering) Directed by Associate Prof．Yu Zuojun ▲ Abstract Beam pumping unit is the most common rob oil machine which is used in many oilfields because it has simple structure，call accommodate bad weather outdoors，and easy to maintain and can work for a long time．But there still exists two disadvantages on large energy consumption and low efficiency,which are not solved effectively up to now．Whether replacing the oil by water or electricity caIl lead to energy dissipation．So it is very important to research energy saving ofbeam pumping unit． The paper analyzes motion characteristics of beam pumping unit，does accurate analysis about its four bar mechanism and conducts simulation research．On that basis，equivalent m．oment and equivalent moment of inertia o．f beam pumping unit are calculated combining dynamic and static load of suspension poinL crank torque and SO on．Dynamically equivalent model of the system is obtained．On the electrical platform of Schneider,speeds control of beam pumping unit experimental facility is realized through Unity Pro software，PLC and frequency converter．The relationship between fluid production,peak load at suspension point， output power of electric motor and frequency converter is analyzed．Energy efficie