基于机器视觉的核电高压容器焊缝磨削轨迹智能检测技术研究-机械电子工程专业论文.docxVIP

重庆大学硕士学位论文中文摘要 重庆大学硕士学位论文 中文摘要 I I 摘 要 核电高压容器的制造不仅要完成多道有关焊缝、焊根、焊筋、坡口等磨削关 键工序，特别是像核电高压容器封头球瓣焊缝、安注箱与硼注箱瓜瓣焊缝及接管 相贯焊缝等的磨削加工属于曲线加工，加工难度极大；并且在大型容器焊缝磨削 过程中，强烈的火花、高温、烟尘、飞溅、加工误差、表面状态和工件热变形等 对检测系统产生强力干扰，导致控制系统使磨头偏离焊缝。鉴于高效磨削过程是 一个复杂的动态的具有强烈光热烟雾干扰的过程，采用常规的检测方法并不能完 全满足生产过程对焊缝磨削轨迹跟踪检测的要求。因此，本文采用结构光视觉传 感器并在焊缝检测系统中引入智能技术，研究视觉检测系统对磨削焊缝的检测效 果。 本文在 VC++6.0 软件平台上将视觉智能检测技术中的图像处理算法与正交试 验法结合起来。这不仅可以得到处理效果较好的图像处理结果，而且可以减少选 择图像处理方法时的工作量，节省图像处理时间。本文所采用的正交试验优化设 计与现有的图像处理算法的结合运用，其原理可同样适用于其他新的图像处理方 法。 研究了磨削焊缝位置检测和识别算法，提取了磨削焊缝特征值。在分析各种 图像增强、消除或减少图像噪声、边缘检测等方法的基础上， 采用十七点斜率法 获得了磨削焊缝特征参数。 采用 VC++6.0 软件初步开发了焊缝磨削轨迹检测软件系统。经过信息采集 及图像处理提取了磨削焊缝的特征信息。 关键词：磨削焊缝，视觉检测，结构光，图像处理，试验设计 重庆大学硕士学位论文英文摘要 重庆大学硕士学位论文 英文摘要 II II ABSTRACT Some key processes are included in manufacturing nuclear pressure vessels such as the grinding of welding seam, welding root, welding bar and groove. Dome head ball clack welding seam、melon welding seam and connection tube intersection welding seam belong to curve processing. The detection system is strong interfered because of strong spark, high temperature, dust, spatter, processing deviation, surface conditions and workpiece’s heat deformation in the process of grinding, causing grinding head to deviate from welding seam. The requirement of tracking detection grinding welding seam in the process of production can not be fully satisfied using conventional detection method because grinding is a complex dynamic process with strong light and smoke interference. Therefore, structured light vision sensor and intelligent technology introduced in the welding seam detection system were used and the inspection effect of visual inspection system for the grinding welding seam was researched in the paper. Image processing algorithms of visual intelligent detection technology and orthogonal tests were combined on the platform of VC++6.0. In this way, better image processing results can be obtained and time is saved in the process of treating images. The combination between orthogonal test optimiza