（族群）生态学Populationecology群体（群落）.ppt

06 Chapter 6Population Growth 生態學的分科：以生物組織水準來分 個體生態學Autecology 種群（族群）生態學Population ecology 群體（群落）生態學Synecology: community ecology 生態系統生態學Ecosystem ecology Outline Tabulating changes in population age structure through time Time-specific life tables Age-specific life tables Outline Fecundity schedules and female fecundity, and estimating future population growth Population growth models Deterministic models Geometric models Outline Population growth models (cont.). Logistic models Stochastic models Demography and Population Growth Demography 族群統計學、人口統計學 The quantitative description of a population Population 族群 A group of conspecifics inhabits a specific place at a specific time. . The demographic and genetic populations are not necessarily the same. . Demographic distinction and genetic difference are not necessarily corresponding. Demography and Population Growth . Population characteristics . Quantitative parameters . Population difference: density, age distribution . Population growth and quantitative methods . Population determination factors . Offspring production and energy invest . Population genetics variation . Intrapopulation behavior Population density 族群密度 . abundant 豐富的 . common 普遍 . rare 稀有 . endangered 瀕危(絕)的 . extinct 絕滅的 eg. Zacco pachycephalus 粗首獵 (溪哥) endemic to Taiwan, but common in west coasts Sampling methods: . Traps 陷阱 . Fecal pellets 糞便 . Vacuolization frequencies 鳴叫頻度 . pelt records 生皮記錄 . Catch per unit effort (CPUE) 單位努力漁獲量 . Percentage ground cover 遮蔽度 . Frequency of abundance along transects or in quadrants of known area. 穿越線或四分區豐度。 . Feeding damage 食害程度。 . Roadside spotting in a standard distance 單位長度內視察的記錄。 Estimates of absolute density-1 . Proportion of population marked = (no. of animals marked at t1) / (total no, of animals in population) . Proportion of sample marked = (no. of marked animals captured at t2) / (total no. of animals captured at t2) Estimates of absolute density-2 If random sampling, ? Proportion of populati