金属氧化物活性炭非对称超级电容器的制备与电化学研究-物理化学专业论文.docxVIP

II II Abstract As a new type of energy storage system, electrochemical capacitors have become one of the focuses in the field of energy storage home and abroad. The faraday capacitance of metal oxide is far greater than that of the carbon material with double layer capacitance. Meanwhile, the transition metal oxide such as anadium pentoxide (V2O5) and manganese dioxide (MnO2) are rich in resources, cheap and easy to obtain. Therefore, we choose V2O5 and MnO2 as electrode materials to assemble metal oxide/activated carbon (AC) asymmetric capacitors. The physichemical properties of the prepared samples were analyzed using x-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (TG-DTG), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the infrared absorption spectroscop (FTIR). The electrochemical performances of the capacitors with the metal oxide as electrode materials were measuered by cyclic voltammogram (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GC) and elecrochemical impedance spectra (EIS). The thesis was divided into three parts. Part I: In order to increase the ionic conductivity of V2O5, the nanoporous vanadium pentoxide particles were prepared by sol–gel method using PMMA as template reagent via a phase transformation process. We have studied the cycling performance of the V2O5/AC capacitors with different electrolytes, such as 1.0 mol/L LiPF6/ (EC+DEC+DMC), 2 mol/L NaCl, KCl, LiCl and 1 mol/L KCl. The results suggest that the 2 mol/L KCl was the best electrolyte，in which the asymmetric capacitor possesses the highest specific capacitance up to 184 F/g at 5 mV/s. Moreover, the greater concentration of KCl is the higher specific capacitance within a certain range of concentration. Part II: In order to increase the electronic conductivity of V2O5, manganese-doped V2O5 materials had been prepared. The circling performance and discharge-charge characteristics of the doped V2O5 with different doping molar were tested in the 2 mol/L KCl electrolyte. The results proved that th