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Vocational and technical
education in China:
Efforts for skills matching
Zhao Changxing
Central Institute for Vocational and Technical Education, China
I. Characteristics of TVET China
• Largest run by Education: slow to react to demand
• Central control: indispensable for reducing skills gap
II. Efforts for skills matching
• Strategies/plans
• Policies/regulations
• Actions / interventions
III. A study in some industries
• High-speed rail
• Electronic and information
• Automobiles
IV. Challenges
• Mismatching persisting
• Perception
• Limited involvement of enterprises
Total Students in 2015 in China
post-graduate=1.9million
higher ed=26million
senoir secondary=41million general education
vocational education
junior secondary=43million
primary=97million
0 100000000 150000000
I. Characteristics of TVET system in China
Variety: Largest TVE in the world: 16.74 million
students in 11500 senior secondary vocational
schools and 10.49 million in 1341 vocational
colleges in 2015.
Parallel : integral vocational Education at
secondary and tertiary levels
Qualification: E by Education and T by HR
Public nature: governmental planning
II. Recent efforts for skills matching
1. National strategies/plans:
to make education more relevant
• Action plan for the development of vocational higher
education(2015-2018) in November 2015;
• Vision 2030: modern TVET system in 2016;
2. Policies/Regulations:
to urge schools to meet skills needs
• Governmental suggestions on transformation of local
universities into application-oriented universities, in May 2015;
600 univ
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