动词的时态语态专题.pptVIP

现在完成时 现在完成时表示过去发生或完成的动作或状态，对现在造成的结果和影响。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。 现在完成时常与一些时间状语连用：如：already; yet; by this time; just; ever; never; lately/recently; since; so far; up till（to） now; in the past/last… 等。 ※用在固定句式中：It/ that / this is +the +序数词+time+that...使用现在完成时 It/ that / this is +the best/ worst+adj.+名词+从句，从句中使用现在完成时 It is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 过去完成时 (1)表示过去某一时间或某一动作前已完成的动作或存在的状态。常与by，by the end of，by the time，before，since，until等后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句连用。 By the time Jack returned home from England，his son had graduated from college. 杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。 (2)过去某一时间的动作或状态持续到过去另一时间，还可能持续下去。常与for，since等构成的时间状语连用。 By the end of last month he had worked in Shanghai for twenty years. 到上个月月底他已经在上海工作了整整二十年 (3)某些动词用于过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法，意为“本来期望/认为/打算……”。这类动词主要有：expect，hope，plan，suppose，think，intend，mean，want等。 I had planned to travel，but my daughter got sick. 我本计划去旅行，但我的女儿突然生病了。 (4)常用于以下固定句式中： ①hardly/scarcely...when...；no sooner...than...中，主句常用过去完成时。 Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down. 我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。 ②It was/had been＋一段时间＋since从句。since从句中谓语用过去完成时。 It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. 我们10年没这么高兴了。 ?by，by the end，by the time，until后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句，主句用过去完成时。 By the time Jack returned home from England, his son had graduated from college. 将来完成时 表示在将来某一时间之前完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。常用的时间状语为“by＋将来的某个时间”，“before+将来时间”。 We shall have fulfilled the task by the end of this week. 我们在本周末将完成这项任务。 现在进行时(The Present Continuous Tense) 1.结构: be (am, are, is)+ doing 过去进行时 1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。 2）短暂性动词come，go,leave,arrive,begin等用于过去进行时，表示按计划、安排在过去某个时间将要发生的动作。 My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left the station. They were coming to attend the meeting a few days later. 现在完成进行时(have/has been doing) 1)表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在。现在这个动作可能已经终止，也可能仍然在进行着。强调延续过程如： I have been waiting for you for two hours. 我等了你两个小时。(动作不再延续下去) It has been raining for three h