初中英语人教版八年级下册unit8 现在完成时.docVIP

现在完成时态教学设计 崔三艳 霸州市第二十中学 教学目标：学生熟练掌握运用现在完成时 教学重点：现在完成时的结构、定义、过去分词的构成、运用及和一般过去时态的区别 教学难点：延续性动词和非延续性动词在完成时中的应用 教具准备：投影仪 ppt 教学步骤： Step1. I have finished all my homework.我把所有的功课做完了。 I have cleaned all the rooms.我把所有的房间都打扫完了。 He has eaten up all the food.他把所有的食物都吃光了 定义：表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在，并且可能还会持续的动作或状态。 结构：主语+have/has+done（动词的过去分词） Step2.过去分词的构成 一、规则动词 (1)+ed eg: work—worked (2)+d eg: close—closed (3)变y为i+ed eg: study—studied (4)双写+ed eg: stop—stopped 二、不规则动词（见表） Step3. 1.短暂性动词与时间段的关系 短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：become, begin, buy, borrow, come (go arrive), die, finish join, leave 等.为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词来代替短暂性动词。 2.短暂性动词转换成延续性动词 become---be begin---have borrow---keep buy---have come (go, arrive, get)---be here/there/in…. die ---be dead finish---be over join ---be in (be a member of …)leave ---be away (from…) 3.但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用 如：I haven’t bought the bike for a year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。 She hasn’t come here for an hour. 她来这还没有一个小时。 4.改 错 (1).I have bought the watch for five years. I have had this watch for five years. I have had this watch since five years ago. (2).The old man has died for ten years. The old man has been dead for ten years. The old man has been dead since ten years ago. Step4. have been to ,have gone to, have been in 的用法比较 have been to 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处， 现在人不在那儿。 have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在 人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。 have been in 意思是“呆在某处一段时间了” eg: 1. Has she ever been to Nanjing? 2. You have never been there, have you? 3. I have been to Guilin, I went there last year. 4. She has gone to Nanjing. 5. They have been in this city for two years. Step5与一般过去时进行比较 一、现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响，一直持续到现在等）；而一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情，与现在没有关系。 1.He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary.2.He bought an English-Chinese dictionary 第一句用现在完成时想表达他买了本字典，现在还有这本字典。 第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本字典，至于现在是否还有不强调。 二、当有一个表示过去某一特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时： eg: I saw the film on television yesterday. 但since（自….