10环境概论第10讲 The Pesticide Dilemma内容资料.pptVIP

APES: Notes 18 * Pesticides in water and air are a risk to human health (cancer). APES: Notes 18 * Pesticides poison approx. 67,000 people in the US each year. Mostly farm workers or others exposed to large quantities of pesticides on a daily basis. Mild cases include nausea, vomiting, and headaches. Serious damage includes permanent nervous system or internal organ damage or death. WHO estimates that pesticides poison more than 3 million people globally; about 220,000 result in death. Highest in developing countries (use more highly poisonous pesticides, less training, less safety regulations). APES: Notes 18 * 1984 Occurred at a Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal, India. Erupted from an underground storage tank after water leaked in and caused an explosive chemical reaction. Some of the gas converted into a more dangerous chemical in the atmosphere. In 1989, Union Carbide agreed to pay $470 million in compensation and spend more than $100 million to build a hospital for victims. Most individuals received $500. Clean up has still not been addressed, meaning individuals living in the area are still at risk. APES: Notes 18 * Hormones are chemical messengers produced by organisms in small quantities to regulate growth, reproduction, and other important biological functions. Release is controlled by the endocrine system. Pesticides have been shown to mimic hormones when in organisms, especially estrogen, interfering with normal functioning. Can cause health problems at relatively low doses. Reproductive disorders, sterility, cancer. SEE PAGE 153 APES: Notes 18 * Strip cutting—only one segment of the crop is harvesting at a time. The unharvested portion of the crop provides an undisturbed habitat for natural predators and parasites of the pest species. Plants are healthier and can better resist pests. APES: Notes 18 * Biological controls can also include bacteria or viruses to attack pests. Pheromones—sexual attractants (often used to attract mates).