1+2西方管理思想史教学精品.pptVIP

早期文明社会中的组织包括：家庭、（部落）、教会、军队和国家 家庭可通过亲情和家法实施管理 军队可通过严格的等级纪律和权力结构管理大批的官兵 国家可依据法规和军队力量来实施其统治 技术的局限和轻商的文化 Dark Middle Ages From Decline of Rome Empire to Renaissance 476 A.D. Feudalism A political and economic system of Europe from the 9th to about the 15th century, based on the holding of all land in fief or fee and the resulting relation of lord to vassal and characterized by homage, legal and military service of tenants, and forfeiture. Hierarchy King, Leud,陪臣, Knight Don Quixote 从罗马帝国衰亡到文艺复兴 公元476年西罗马帝国崩溃 封建—分封土地为主要特征的一种基本政治社会制度 等级制度，国王→诸侯→陪臣→小陪臣→骑士 封君义务 “保护”财产荣誉生命，“维护”土地衣食等必需品 封臣义务 “效忠”维护封君尊严财务生命 Revival of Commerce Why？ Crusade “十字军”东征 Macro Polo (1254-1324) Feudalism：剩余产品 How？ Trade City：手工生产与交换 Guild 行会 The results Merchant Double entry bookkeeping 复式簿记 Commerce ethic 商业道德 商业的发展要求统一的大市场 资助王室进行国家统一活动，从而加剧了封建制度的衰落 王权？ 生产？ 2.2 The Culture Rebirth Rediscovery of the ancient classics Renewed interest in reason and science Protestant reformation —— Social Constitutional government —— Politic Market ethic —— Economic 对古代文艺的复兴 对推理和科学产生新的兴趣 新教改革运动——社会环境 制宪政府——政治环境 市场伦理——经济环境 The Protestant Ethic Max Weber（1905，1920） Spirit of capitalism Activity became the goal of the good life Waste of time was the deadliest of sins Willingness to work Division and specialization of labor was a result of divine will Consumption beyond basic needs was wasteful Earning and saving Effect of social development 韦伯（1905，1920） 每个人都要承担他的“天命” 不可浪费时间 乐于从事工作 劳动分工和专业化是神的意志 消费超过基本需求就是浪费 放弃一项有利可图的事业也是违背神的意志 不只是节流，还要开源 开源不忘节流 促进生产力发展 A Criticism of the Weberian Thesis Tawney Is it not a little artificial to suggest that capitalist enterprise had to wait, as Weber appears to imply, till religious changes had produced a capitalist sprit? Chicken and egg Modern Support for Weber McClelland(1961), Lenski(1961) Need for achievement Jews, Protestants, Catholics Historically the concern for achievement appeared in a culture some fifty or so years before a rapid rate of economic growth and pros