基于微卫星标记的克氏原螯虾遗传多样性研究-生态学专业论文.docxVIP

基于微卫星标记的克氏原螯虾遗传多样性研究 基于微卫星标记的克氏原螯虾遗传多样性研究 IV IV 2 2 to overfishing. The IAM, TPM and SMM were applied to test if the microsatellites displayed a departure from the mutation-drift equilibrium, using software Bottleneck. Under the IAM, the Wilcoxon tests revealed that four populations (Cd, Ch, Dz and Wj) may have experienced a bottleneck (P0.05). Under the TPM, the Sign tests revealed that the Cz population might have experienced a recent bottleneck (P0.05), whereas Wilcoxon’s signed rank tests showed Ch populations experienced a bottleneck (P0.05). Under the SMM, the Sign tests revealed that three populations (Cz, Dz and Xa ) might have experienced a recent bottleneck (P0.05). AMOVA revealed that 87.04% of genetic variation could be explained by the variation within populations, whereas the remaining (12.96%) came from variation among populations. The networks constructed on 9 microsatellite loci was shown 6 mainly stocks, and showed genetic distances between the 6 genetic units using Neighbor-joining analysis. Calculation of ΔK from the structure output produced a modal value of the statistic at K = 2. Our studies also showed that there are high level of gene flows existed among different populations (Nm = 2.443), and a significant correlation was found between genetic distance and geographic distance (r = 0.33, P = 0.045), which implying that natural spread between rivers or/and lakes had the major impacts on the dispersal of crayfish. In present study, a significant jump dispersal was discovered between Xin’anjiang and Chengdonghu populations, which indicated that suggesting human-mediated dispersal play a important role in the genetic structure of Procambarus clarkii. Key words: Procambarus clarkii, Microsatellite, Genetic structure, Biological invasion, Species dispersal 第一章 第一章 引 言 基于微卫星标记的克氏原螯虾遗传多样性研究 基于微卫星标记的克氏原螯虾遗传多样性研究 PAGE PAGE 13 2 2 第一章 引 言 1.1 生物入侵及其危害 近年来，农业和贸易的发展使传统意义上的自然阻隔对物种的扩散所造成的 影响越来越小，外来物种(Alien species)造成的生物入侵逐渐引起人们的注意。生 物入侵(Biologic