内科英文复习-呼吸.docxVIP

[名词解释] Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: 慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)，是一种具有气流受限特征的可以预防和治疗的疾病，气流受限不完全可逆、进行性发展，与肺部对香烟烟雾等有害气体或有害颗粒的异常炎症反应有关。COPD主要累及肺脏，但也可引起全身(或称肺外)的不良反应。 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable disease with some significant extrapulmonary effects that may contribute to the severity in individual patients. Its pulmonary component is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. The airflow limitation is usually progressive and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lung to noxious particles or gases. Horner综合征: 肺尖部肺癌又称肺上钩瘤(Pancoast瘤)，易压迫颈部交感神经，引起病侧眼睑下垂、瞳孔缩小、眼球内陷，同侧额部和胸壁少汗或无汗。 Horner’s syndrome : Horner’s syndrome is caused by superior sulcus tumors that invade the inferior cervical ganglion, symptoms include enophthalmos (sinking of the eyeball into its cavity), ptosis (droopy upper eyelid), miosis (abnormal contraction of the pupil), anhidrosis (absence of facial sweat). Respiratory failure Respiratory failure is a failure of the process of delivering O2 to the tissues and/or removing CO2 from the tissues. The diagnosis can be confirmed by arterial blood gas analysis. When the level of O2 partial pressure(PaO2) is less than 60mmHg, without PCO2 reduction, it is called respiratory failure type I. When the level of CO2 partial pressure(PaCO2) is more than 50mmHg, it is called respiratory failure type II. Sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome : Sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome is defined as repeated episodes of cessation of airflow with sleep being greater than 30 times per night, or defined with Apnea- Hypopnea Index (AHI) being greater than 5 hepatopulmonary syndrome : hepatopulmonary syndrome is a HYPERLINK /reference/semhtml/Syndrome \o Syndrome syndrome of HYPERLINK /reference/semhtml/Shortness_of_breath \o Shortness of breath shortness of breath and HYPERLINK /reference/semhtml/Hypoxemia \o Hypoxemia hypoxemia caused by HYPERLINK /reference/semhtml/Vasodilation \o Vasodilation vasodilation