职业性肌肉筋骨劳损的成因及预防CausesofWorkRelated.PPTVIP

職業性肌肉筋骨勞損的成因及預防Causes of Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders and their preventive Measures 香港紅十字會甘迺迪中心 職業安全培訓系列 體力處理操作的定義Definition of MHO 就任何負荷物而言， 指某人用手、臂或某 些其他形式的身體動 作移動或支撐負荷物 （包括提舉、放下、拉動和搬運該負荷物）。 “any transporting or supporting of a load (including the lifting, putting down, pushing, pulling, carrying or moving thereof) by hand or by bodily force” 職業性肌肉筋骨勞損Definition of WRMSD 因重複用力或不合適的 動作而引致的肌肉、筋腱及韌帶受損 包括筋腱、腱鞘、滑囊或肌肉發炎，嚴重時甚 至會引致上肢、頸部及 背部神經的病 職業性肌肉筋骨勞損Definition of WRMSD group of painful disorders of muscles, tendons, and nerves. Carpal tunnel syndrome, tendonitis, thoracic outlet syndrome, and tension neck syndrome are examples. Work activities which are frequent and repetitive, or activities with awkward postures cause these disorders which may be painful during work or at rest. 職業性肌肉筋骨勞損Definition of WRMSD 職業性肌肉筋骨勞損的成因Causes of WRMSD 對我們身體產生作用的力已超越了我們身體的極限 生物力學性的受傷 急性 累積性的創傷 對我們身體產生作用的力 外在(負荷) 內在(肌肉的活動) 職業性肌肉筋骨勞損的成因Causes of WRMSD WMSDs do not happen as a result of a single accident or injury. Rather, they develop gradually as a result of repeated trauma. Excessive stretching of muscles and tendons can cause injuries that only last a short time. But repeated episodes of stretching causing tissue inflammation can lead to long-lasting injury or WMSDs. 能力及限制Our Capability and limitations 有危害性的姿勢Postures 持負荷物離身 彎身 扭曲軀幹 力的強度Strength 年齡及性別 關節幅度 腳力與腰力的比較 活動速度 耐力Endurance 力的強度 休息 有危害性的姿勢Harmful postures 持負荷物離身 Holding objects away from body 有危害性的姿勢Harmful postures 彎腰 Bending from the waist 不同提舉姿勢下，腰脊椎間盤的壓力分佈 Pressure distribution of lumbar disc in different lifting postures 持物離身+ 彎腰椎間盤壓力 ? ?椎間盤壓力 Object away from body + waist bending ? ? disc pressure 扭曲軀幹 ? ?椎間盤壓力+ 拉傷筋肌 rotating trunk? ? disc pressure + muscle strain 力的強度Strength 年齡及性別 age and gender 力的強度Strength 關節幅度 肌力最強在關節的 中段位置 Strongest muscle contraction when in mid joint range 有危害性的姿勢： 伸展至肩膊以上的高度 Avoid reaching up for heavy objects 力的強度Strength 站立時，在大部分的手臂位置