CO2气体保护焊接中产生气孔和飞溅的因素及防止措施.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 1 目 录 内容摘要····································································································2 焊接气孔··························································································3 气孔的特点····················································································3 气孔的危害····················································································3 气孔的形成····················································································3 产生气孔的因素及防止措施························································4 焊接飞溅··························································································5 焊接飞溅的特点与危害································································5 CO2气保焊产生飞溅的因素···························································5 减少飞溅的措施············································································6 结束语····························································································6 致谢································································································7 参考文献························································································8 内容摘要 CO2气体保护焊是利用CO2作为保护气体的融化极气体保护焊方法，简称为CO2焊。它是20世纪50年代初期发展起来的一种高效率、低成本的焊接技术。具有适用范围广、抗腐蚀能力强、便于监控，且适用于大电流焊接等特点。采用该技术大大提高了焊接质量和生产效率（比手工焊高36倍），降低了成本和劳动强度，改善了劳动条件，取得了显著效果，为生产施工发挥了巨大作用。因此CO2气保焊在推广应用中，创造了良好的经济效益和社会效益。尽管CO2气保焊优点确实很多，但其焊接过程存在的飞溅大、易产生气孔等缺点，正因为这些缺点限制了CO2气保护焊的进一步推广应用。本文对CO2焊焊接中产生气孔和飞溅的因素进行了阐述，并提出了一些防止产生气孔和飞溅的工艺措施。 关键词：CO2气体保护焊；气孔；飞溅；产生因素；防止措施 CO2气体保护焊接中产生气孔和飞溅的因素及防止措施 一、焊接气孔 （一）气孔的特点 气孔是焊接时熔池中的气体在凝固时未能逸出而残留在焊缝金属中所形成的空穴，是CO2气保焊时常见的也是主要的一种焊接缺陷。其形状有球形、椭形、旋风形和蠕虫形等。在焊缝内部的称内部气孔，露在焊缝表面的称外部气孔。气孔的大小不等，有时是单个存在，有时是密集在一起或是沿焊缝连续分布。常见的有氢气孔、氮气孔、一氧化碳气孔等。 （二）气孔的危害 气孔是体积性缺陷，对焊缝的性能影响很大。其危害主要是会降低焊缝的致密性，减少焊缝的有效工作截面积，致使焊接接头的承载能力下降。因为这些缺陷占据了焊缝金属一定的体积，使焊缝的有效工作截面积减小，因而也就相应降低了焊缝的力学性能，使焊缝的塑性，特别是弯曲性能和冲击韧度降低得更多。如果气孔穿透焊缝表面，特别是穿透接触介质的焊缝表面，介质积存在孔穴内，当介质有腐蚀性时，将形成集中腐蚀，孔穴逐渐变深、变大，以至腐蚀穿孔而泄漏。从而破坏了焊缝的致密性，严重时会由此而引起整个金属结构的破坏。所以，防止焊缝中产生气