基因表达模型.PDF

系统生物学 (Systems Biology) 马彬广 基因表达模型 （第十二讲） M ∂ 基因表达过程中的控制 ∑  Transcriptional control: when and how often is a gene transcribed.  RNA processing control: how is the RNA transcript spliced.  RNA transport and localization control: which mRNAs in the nucleus are exported to cytosol and where in the cytosol are they localized.  Translational control: which mRNAs in the cytosol are translated by ribosomes.  mRNA degradation control: which mRNAs in the cytosol are destroyed.  Protein activity control: decide upon activation, inactivation, compartmentalization, degradation of the translated proteins. M ∂ 真核基因启动子的一般结构 ∑ M ∂ 真核细胞microRNA的转录后调控 ∑ M ∂ Genetic Network and Regulon ∑ Genetic network in E. coli comprising the transcriptional regulator MetR and its known target genes. MetR (gray ellipse) regulates a number of target genes (bottom), which therefore form the MetR regulon. Other regulators controlling these genes are shown on top. Arrows denote transcriptional regulation (blue: repression, red: activation). Data taken from the EcoCyc database. M ∂ The Lac Operon in Escherichia coli ∑ The Lac operon is controlled by the transcriptional regulators CRP and LacI, which respond to extracellular levels of lactose and glucose. High expression of the Lac operon requires that lactose is present and glucose is absent. In an experiment , the activities of CRP and LacI are regulated by extracellular levels of the ligands cAMP and IPTG. Effectively, both substances activate Lac expression. M ∂ 乳糖操纵子的微观状态描述 ∑ Microscopic states of the Lac promoter (schematic model). The promoter can be bound by RNA polymerase, the activator CRP, and the repressor LacI. Bound activator increases the probabili