回转窑物料运动规律及其实时监测-控制科学与工程专业论文.docxVIP

刚转窑物科运动规律及其实时监测摘 刚转窑物科运动规律及其实时监测 摘 要 回转窑是一种大型的热工设备，广泛应用于化工、冶金、矿业、水泥和造纸 等工业部门。但是，回转窑也属于大型的高能耗设备。在我国一些中小型企业， 回转窑生产自动化水平低下，长期工作在高耗能状态，不利于完成十二五规划中 提出的降低能耗的指标。 国内外在回转窑的自动控制方面也做过许多有意义的实践，主要通过检测窑 内温度、压力和料浆流量等热工信号，并在此基础上采用各种方法实现对回转窑 生产过程的自动控制和优化。但是，由于检测方法等诸多条件的限制，这些控制 系统设计时往往没有考虑物料运动特征这一重要信息。 回转窑横截面内物料颗粒的径向运动包括泻落层和滞留层两个区域。本文采 用图像处理技术，对单个颗粒的运动轨迹进行了跟踪测量，分析了颗粒在泻落层 的运动特点；在此基础上，研究颗粒时间特性与回转筒转速和物料填充率之间的 关系：最后根据实验结果，定义了泻落时间比，并推断此无纲变量能够作为衡量 回转窑料床内部传热效率的参数。 目前，工业回转窑物料运动监控系统尚未见研究报道。本文针对某企业铁氧 体焙烧回转窑，设计了一套基于数字图像处理技术的物料运动实时监测系统。该 软件包含图像采集与显示、图像处理以及数据库等模块，能够有效的检测出休止 角、填充率等物料运动关键特征信息。经过对现场数据进行分析，得出休止角的 动态变化能够预测窑内热工状况这一重要结论，对于完善现有的回转窑生产过程 监控系统具有重要的实际应用价值。 关键词：回转窑；图像处理；物料运动；时间特性；监控软件 硕士学位论文Abstract 硕士学位论文 Abstract Rotary kilns are large thermal equipments that are widely used in chemical， metallurgy，mining，cement and paper industries．However，rotary kilns also belong to huge energy—consuming equipments．In China，the rotary kiln processes in most small and medium enterprises are poorly automated，leading to high energy consumption and difficulties in completion of the national twelfth five—year．plan． Efforts have been devoted to the automatic control of rotary kiln processes．Such control systems are mainly realized by detecting thermal signals such as temperature， pressure and feed rate，based on which the kiln process are controlled and optimized． However,due to lack of the measuring technology，these control systems ignored the important process information-the solids motion which actually plays an important role in the energy transport inside the kiln． The solids bed in the kiln cross—section includes the cascading layer and stagnant layer．In the paper，image processing technology was used to track single colored particle and the motion behavior of the particle in the cascading layer was analyzed． The time features of the motion were measured and the effects of drum speed and filling degree were studied．Based on measurements，a new dimensionless time variable，fractional residence time was introd