高一英语寒假专题—阅读理解 词义猜测解题技巧人教实验版知识精讲.docVIP

PAGE 用心 爱心 专心 高一英语寒假专题—阅读理解 词义猜测解题技巧人教实验版 【本讲教育信息】 一、教学内容 寒假专题（二）：阅读理解——词义猜测解题技巧 二、知识精讲 猜测词义题是近年来高考阅读理解中比较常见的题型，通常在一套试题中会有两到三个小题是直接考查词义猜测的。这种题型主要是考查考生根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力，突出考查考生对语境的分析和把握能力。如果我们具备了一定的猜测技巧和猜词能力，我们就能降低生词率，排除阅读理解中某些生词的干扰，最终提高阅读理解速度和能力。 （一）猜测词义题常见的解题方法与技巧： 1. 根据定义或解释猜测词义 定义猜词时，文中常用解释性词语引出生词含义，如that is, mean, stand for, namely, in other words, to be等，有时用破折号，括弧来表示，或者用同位语、定语从句的形式表示。考生要通过上下文来寻求线索，找到关键性的解释性词语或短语。 例： 1）It will be very hard but very brittle—that is , it will break easily . 2）Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them. 3）Doctors recommended that everyone exercise every day, particular those who spend many hours doing sedentary activities like reading, typing or sewing. 2. 根据反义词或反义关系猜测词义 有的文章作者为了增强表达效果，会用一对反义词揭示事物的不同点，形成鲜明的对比，这时只要把握其中的一词，就不难推出另一词的含义，常见的表示对比的词有but、yet、while、however、unlike、although、while、on the contrary、on the other hand、rather than 等。 例： 1）Most of us agreed, however, Gary dissented. 2）Unlike his brother, who is truly a handsome man, John is quite homely. 3）Most dentists’ offices are drab places, but Emilo’s new office is a bright, cheerful place . 3. 根据同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义 阅读中作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词，以便使他的文字意思更清楚。这时，我们要通过上下文来寻求线索，找到关键性的解释性词语或短语。常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有or, like, similarly等。 例： 1）His uncle was a roamer, a wanderer who never could stay in one place . 2）Mr. Smith loves to talk and his wife is similarly loquacious. 3）Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to people’s health. They also regard drinking as harmful. 4. 根据因果关系猜测词义 英语中常见的表示因果关系的词有：as a result, for, thus, because, for this reason, so, since, consequently, so that, so/ such….that 等。 例： 1）The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again. 2）The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. 5. 根据文中举例猜测词义 某些冷僻的词汇后面会举一个例子，使词汇具体易懂。这