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* * * * * * * * * * * * * * What is Software Engineering ? ? Software engineering is an engineering discipline whose goal is the cost-effective development of software systems. ? IEEE definition, 1993 ①The application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software; that is, the application of engineering to software. ②The study of approaches as in ①. ? SEI definition – Software engineering is that form of engineering that applies the principles of computer science and mathematics to achieving cost- effective solutions to software problems. ? Software Engineering entails making decisions under the constraints of limited time, knowledge, and resources. History of Software Engineering ? Birth of software engineering – started from 1968 in NATO conference held in Garmisch Germany, triggered by several failures of big software projects. – NATO coined the terms: Software Engineering, Software Crisis ? Brook’s Mythical Man Month – Written in 1975 – Based on IBM OS 360 Project （1965） – Expresses many key ideas of large scale software development – Brook’s law: Adding manpower to a late software project makes it later. people ≠time 2005-2-22 Software Engineering－27 History of Software Engineering ? Era I: Mastering the Machine （1956－1967） – Prehistory of software engineering – Batch-oriented systems – Assembler, FORTRAN, COBOL – Recognize that software development is more than just coding ? Era II: Mastering the Process （1968－1982） – Software engineering was established as a field of study – Software pricing was introduced by hardware vendors and an independent software industry a