2013药学本科关节学（修）.ppt

Chapter 2The Arthrology ;;第一节 总 论 Introduction;（二）软骨连结和骨性结合;Ⅰ Fibrous joints In the fibrous joints, the bones are connected by the fibrous tissue. In most cases, they are immovable. ; 缝 Suture;（二）软骨连结; Classification of the joints; ; Classification of the joints;二.间接连结（关节）;纤维膜 滑膜;(一)关节的基本结构 ;关节窝;关节头;滑膜层;;3.关节腔 ;关节腔 ;滑膜关节 Synovial Joint;Synovial joints;I ) Synovial joints;Ⅰ) Essential structures of the synovial joints ;（二） 辅助结构;1.韧带 ;髂股韧带 ;股骨头韧带;前后交叉韧带;2.关节内软骨 ;关节唇; 韧带Ligament;;滑膜囊;;滑膜囊;Ⅱ）Accessory structures of the synovial joints ;ⅲ. Articular labrum The articular labrum is a fibrocartilaginous ring that surrounds the edge of an articular fossa to increase its depression area. ;ⅳ. Synovial fold ⅴ. Synovial bursae;(二) 辅助结构;1.屈 Flexion和伸Extension;Ⅲ）Movements of the synovial joints ;Ⅲ）Movements of the synovial joints ;1. 屈 Flexion和伸Extension;Flexion and extension;Flexion and extension;2.内收 Adduction和 外展Abduction;Adduction and abduction;3.旋内 Medial Rotation和旋外Lateral Rotation;Rotation;4.环转运动Circumduction ;Circumduction;关节的运动;冠状轴;内收;旋前 旋后;;（四）滑膜关节的分类;单轴关节;脊柱;椎骨的连结;Section 2 The Joints of the Bones of Trunk ;;椎间盘;;腰椎间盘纤维环破裂，髓核外溢，压迫神经根 ;3）后纵韧带 Posterior longitudinal ligament;后纵韧带;*（2）椎弓间的连结;黄韧带;棘间韧带;项韧带;慢慢进针，遇到有韧性阻力（黄韧带）突然右手有落空,即表示进了硬膜外腔; （3）寰椎与枕骨及枢椎的关节;脊柱的整体观和运动;运动：;颈曲;;Ⅰ） Intervertebral disc The anulus fibrosus is a ring consisting of a tough outer layer of fibrocartilage. The nucleus pulposus, located the central core of the intervertebral disc, is soft, elastic and gelatinous core. ;Ⅱ） Anterior longitudinal ligaments Ⅲ） Posterior longitudinal ligaments;Ⅱ. Joints of the vertebral arches ;Ⅳ. Joints of the vertebral column with the cranium;Ⅲ. Joints of the atlas with the axis ; Ⅱ）Movement of the vertebral column ⅰ. Flexion ⅱ. Extension ⅲ. Lateral flexion ⅳ. Rotation;Ⅴ. Vertebral column as a whole;（二）胸廓 Thorax ;肋椎关节;*组成：;3. 胸廓的整体观及其运动;*胸廓上口组成：; Section 3 Thoracic cageⅠ. Costovertebral joints ; Ⅱ Sternocostal