《英译汉指导原则》PPT课件.pptVIP

例1: If winter comes, can spring be far away? ??? 　 例2: While the prospects are bright, the road has twists and turns. ??? ? 例3: If you confer a benefit, never remember it; if you receive one, remember it always. ??? 　 例5：A few of the pictures are worth mentioning both for their technical excellence and interesting content.??? ? 例6: We should have more of the three kinds of foreign-invested ventures. There is no reason to be afraid of them. So long as we keep level-headed, there is no cause for alarm. ??? ? 综上例句，英语的成份完整无缺，逻辑性强；而汉语则靠语义将句子连接起来，短小精悍而且也不会带来误解。 此外，英语由于介词的作用和语言习惯的不同 , 时间和地点的一般排序是由小到大 , 由具体到不太具体 . 汉语的语序则相反 , 一般是由大到小 , 由不太具体到比较具体 . 懂得了这个规律 , 再借助转换句式等翻译手法 , 就可以译出地道的句子 . 英语顺序一般是 ” 动词 + 方式 + 地点 + 时间 ” 汉语顺序一般是 ” 时间 , 地点 , 方式 + 动词 ” 例：He is often seen to read hard in his study room from morning till night. 语序离不开全句的通盘考虑 . 在兼有心理评价和客观叙述的句子中 , 英语评价在前 , 叙述在后 , 汉语则叙述在前 , 评价在后。 在叙述部分汉语倾向于按事件发生的自然顺序依次进行 , 英语则把客观顺序置于心理评价的统摄之下或按心理时间重新安排。 例：It was a keen disappointment when I had to give up the plan which I had intended to carry out this year. 我原打算在今年实施这个计划，但是后来却不得有放弃，这使我深感失望。 现代意义上的“白领阶层”是让人羡慕的对象，而“蓝领阶层”即使工资较高，仍有被人看不起的压力。 （分析：两组对立的意义需要恰当的连接，while是最佳的选择。如苏格拉底曾经说过：Others live to eat while I eat to live.） 参考译文： White collar workers, in modern sense for those using their brains, are the envy of the society while blue collar workers, working by using their strength, are under pressure of inferiority despite their high wages. ……，认为商人“唯利是图”，与君子重义轻利的追求背道而驰，所以在传统文化中经商是被人看不起的职业。 （分析：通过对于逻辑意义的分析，发现商人的唯利是图与君子之道背道而驰，是从商受到轻视的原因，所以添加表示因果关系的连接词语as 、since或because来把句子间的关系明朗化。同时， 与君子之道背道而驰是对于唯利是图的补充说明，可以通过定语从句体现出来。） 参考译文：It is generally believed that business is a despised profession in traditional culture as businessmen are profit-oriented, which runs counter to what men of completer virtues should pursue, valuing justice above material gains. Such is a human nature in the west that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privileg