电子信息工程 微处理器 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献.doc

PAGE 8 外文资料 所译外文资料： 1.作者 G..Bouwhuis, J.Braat, A.Huijser 2.书名：Principles of Optical Disk Systems 3.出版时间：1991年9月 4.所译章节：Session 2/Chapter9, Session 2/Chapter 11 原文： Microprocessor One of the key inventions in the history of electronics, and in fact one of the most important inventions ever period, was the transistor. As time progressed after the invention of LSI integrated circuits, the technology improved and chips became smaller, faster and cheaper. The functions performed by a processor were implemented using several different logic chips. Intel was the first company to incorporate all of these logic components into a single chip, this was the first microprocessor. A microprocessor is a complete computation engine that is fabricated on a single chip. A microprocessor executes a collection of machine instructions that tell the processor what to do. Based on the instructions, a microprocessor does three basic things: 1.Using the ALU (Arithmetic/Logic Unit), a microprocessor can perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division; 2.A microprocessor can move data from one memory location to another; 3.A microprocessor can make decisions and jump to a new set of instructions based on those decisions. There may be very sophisticated things that a microprocessor does, but those are its three basic activities. Microprocessor has an address bus that sends an address to memory, a data bus that can send data to memory or receive data from memory, an RD(read) and WR(write) line that lets a clock pulse sequence the processor and a reset line that resets the program counter to zero(or whatever) and restarts execution. And let’s assume that both the address and data buses are 8 bits wide here. Here are the components of this simple microprocessor: 1. Registers A, B and C are simply latches made out of flip-flops. 2. The address latch is just like registers A, B and C. 3. The program counter is a latch with the extra ability to increment by