面向乘员损伤的大客车碰撞事故再现研究与应用-机械设计及理论专业毕业论文.docx

上海交通大学硕士学位论文摘要 上海交通大学硕士学位论文 摘要 II II 对于车内二次碰撞过程，主要根据事故现场调查情况、勘察笔 录以及法医鉴定结果，针对乘员搭乘位置、人体痕迹和车内结构变 形等信息，利用外部车辆碰撞运动参数，采用多刚体动力学方法进 行仿真再现，进而对人体损伤的形成原因和乘员的受伤害程度进行 分析。考虑到乘员与车辆内部结构的耦合方式以及相关结构部件会 发生变形的特点，本文采用多刚体与有限元耦合的建模方法，分别 建立具有手部抓握力的混合假人模型和车内结构精细模型，并通过 接触定义、空间位置调整和铰链约束设置等方式建立车辆内部结构 与乘员耦合的碰撞仿真系统模型。由于导致车内乘员损伤的原因较 为复杂，本文通过一系列仿真试验分析了多种因素变化对人体损伤 仿真结果的影响，研究了三种标准碰撞工况下车内乘员的碰撞运动 和损伤特点，从而为真实事故案例的实际应用提供参考和指导。 最后，将本文的研究成果应用于实际案例的事故再现。通过对 3 起真实的大客车碰撞事故进行仿真研究，结合实际应用详细介绍此 类事故再现的方法和过程，并且通过事故调查数据验证数值模型和 仿真方法的可行性和实用性。 关键词：事故再现，大客车，乘员损伤，轨迹优化，多刚体，模型 上海交通大学硕士学位论文AB 上海交通大学硕士学位论文 ABSTRACT III III RESEARCH AND APPLICATION OF MOTOR-BUS COLLISION ACCIDENT RECONSTRUCTION ORIENTED TO OCCUPANT INJURY ABSTRACT With Chinas industrialization and urbanization entering into the stage of rapid development, implementing public transit priority has become the primary strategy for current urban construction. As one of public transit system’s important carriers, motor-bus has been receiving more and more attention in the research of its accident safety from both domestic and foreign scholars. The computer simulation based bus collision accident reconstruction takes fully advantage of high accuracy, strong objectivity and comprehensive analysis, etc, which can provide scientific basis for the research of accident survey, accident prevention and occupant injury mechanism, etc. Thus, this kind of accident reconstruction has crucial social meaning and practical utility. Considering the existing research and practical demand, this paper presents studies in the field of two main accident collision processes, which are outer vehicle collision and inner bus secondary collision. Through connecting the two collision processes with vehicle impact kinematical parameters, comprehensive analysis of whole bus collision accident can be achieved. PAGE PAGE IV As for outer vehicle collision process, the trajectory optimization based momentum-impulse exchange and deformation vs. collision method are adopted to establish the veh