无标记焦点和有标记焦点的确定原则.pdfVIP

2003 年 2 月 　　　　　　　　　　无标记焦点和有标记焦点的确定原则 　　　　　　　　　　Feb . ,2003 第 1 期 No . 1 无标记焦点和有标记焦点的确定原则① 董秀芳② (北京大学 中文系 ,北京 10087 1) 　　[ 关键词] 焦点 ;无标记焦点 ;有标记焦点 ;句法指向范围;语义指向核心 [摘 　要] 本文首先介绍了一般句子中无标记焦点和有标记焦点的确定理论 ,并分析了汉语中的相 应情况 ,然后讨论了带有焦点敏感算子的一些句子中的焦点确定方式 。文章具体分析了焦点敏感算子 “只“、“也”的句法指向范围 ,即这些成分在句法上的操作域 ,指出凡是出现在焦点敏感算子的句法指向 范围内的成分都可能成为句子的无标记焦点 ,而出现在句法指向范围之外的成分只能通过特殊重音而 成为有标记的焦点 。句法指向范围内的不同成分在实现为焦点的优先性上也存在着一些差异 。本文证 明 ,无标记焦点和有标记焦点都可以在表层结构中得到区分 。 [ 中图分类号] H146 . 3 [文献标识码]A [文章编号] 1003 - 7365 (2003) 0 1 - 00 10 - 07 Identif ication of Unmarked Focus and Marked Focus DON G Xiufang (Chinese L anguage and Literat ure Dep art ment , Peking U niver sity , Beij ing 10087 1) Key words : focus ;unmarked focus ;marked focus ;synt actic t arget ;semantic t arget Abrstract : Focus can be divided into two kinds : unmarked focus and marked focus. The p revious st udy show s t hat t he unmarked focus can be identified t hrough a p rincipled way . We investigated t he sit uation in Chinese , and found t hat marked focus can be exp ressed by marked st ress or wor d or der change in a common sentence . We also discuss t he unmarked focus and marked focus in some types of sentences t hat involve focussensitive operator . The constit uent s wit hin t he synt actic t arget domain of t he focus - sensitive operator can realize as unmarked focus , while ot her constit uent s only can realize as marked focus if required by t he context . This st udy p roves t hat po ssible unmarked focus and marked focus can be identified in t he surface st ruct ure of t he sentence wit hout referring to discour se informa tion .