东北石油大学经济管理学院市场营销学课件Chapter 2 The Global Economic Environment.ppt

Chapter 2The Global Economic Environment Introduction to Chapter Market definition – People or organizations with needs and wants; both have the willingness and ability to buy or sell The global economic environment plays a large role in the development of new markets for organizations The World Economy – An Overview The new realities: Capital movements have replaced trade as the driving force of the world economy Production has become uncoupled from employment The world economy, not individual countries, is the dominating factor The World Economy – An Overview The new realities continued: 75-year struggle between capitalism and socialism has almost ended E-Commerce diminishes the importance of national barriers and forces companies to re-evaluate business models Economic Systems 4 main types of economic systems Market Capitalism Centrally planned socialism Centrally planned capitalism Market socialism Economic Systems Economic Freedom Rankings of economic freedom among countries Ranges from “free” to “repressed” Variables considered include such things as: Trade policy Taxation policy Banking policy Wage and price controls Property rights Economic Freedom Free Hong Kong Singapore Ireland New Zealand United States United Kingdom Netherlands Australia Switzerland Repressed Bosnia Vietnam Laos Iran Cuba Iraq Libya North Korea Congo Stages of Market Development World Bank has defined four categories of development High-income countries Upper-middle income countries Lower-middle income countries Low-income countries Based upon Gross National Product (GNP) Stages of Market Development Big Emerging Markets China India Indonesia South Korea Brazil Mexico Argentina South Africa Poland Turkey Marketing Opportunities in LDCs Characterized by a shortage of goods and services Long-term opportunities must be nurtured in these countries Look beyond per capita GNP Consider the LDCs collectively rather than individually Consider first mover advantage Set realistic Deadlines Influ