醋酸解离常数和解离度的测定.pdfVIP

Determination of Ionization Equilibrium Constant and degree of dissociation of acetic acid Enlin Tian, Guangnong Lu, Pengcheng Du, Wenhui Xiong （College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Lanzhou University, Gansu Lanzhou, 730000） Abstract ： pH meter method and conductivity method were mainly used in determining ionization equilibrium constant. The ionization equilibrium constant of CH COOH at 298K is determined by those two methods in this paper. Experimental 3 values of ionization equilibrium constant of CH OOH are 1.74×10-5 （pH meter 3 method） and 1.9×10-5(conductivity method), which approaches to the theoretical value,1.75×10-5. The ionization equilibrium constant of the unknown weak acid was ( ) also determined by the nature of the buffer solution: = − , ( ) and it is preliminarily determined that the unknown weak acid is acetic acid Keywords: ionization equilibrium constant, pH meter method, conductivity method, acetic acid. 醋酸解离常数和解离度的测定 田恩麟，陆广农，杜鹏程, 熊文辉 （兰州大学化学化工学院, 大学化学创新国家级实验教学示范中心, 甘肃兰州, 730000） 摘要 解离平衡常数测定方法通常有pH 计法和电导率法,本文利用pH 计法和电 导率法分别测定了在298K 时醋酸的解离常数，实验值分别为1.74×10-5,1.9×10-5 与理论值1.75×10-5 相近。我们还利用缓冲溶液的性质： = − (共轭碱）测定 (共轭酸) 了一元未知弱酸的解离常数，并初步判断该未知弱酸为醋酸。 关键词：解离常数，pH 计法，电导法，醋酸。 引言 醋酸广泛存在于自然界，是烃的重要含氧衍生物，也是典型的脂肪酸。水溶液中醋酸的分 [1] 离问题, 对资源综合利用和环境保护等基础研究也具有重要的意义 。解离常数是研究电