模块二：创新思维与创业领域的分析.pptVIP

2. 要因分析 主要活动 确定可能原因 分析可能原因 选择最可能的原因进一步探讨 确定根本原因 2. 要因分析 工具 头脑风暴式的集思广义 鱼骨图 - 原因/结果图 Why-Why图及 5 Whys 流程图 关联图 头 脑 风 暴 法 Idea Idea Idea Idea Idea Idea Idea Idea Idea Idea Idea Idea Idea Idea Idea Idea Idea Idea Idea Idea Idea Idea Idea Idea Idea Idea Idea Idea Idea Idea Idea Idea Idea 操 作 方 法 不允许有批评性的评价 轮流发言 求数量不求质量 提倡合并和改进意见 做记录最后评判 问题 人员 机器 环境 原材料 方法 鱼 骨 图 Why - Why 图 问题陈述 (确定差距) 表面原因 根本原因 表面原因 表面原因 根本原因 Why ? Why ? Why ? 流程图的功效 流 程 图 了解每一步是如何执行的 可以检察出错误与瓶颈在哪里发生 有助于新的流程图的设计 常见的流程图的符号 工 作 资讯的传递 决策 YES or NO 储存 转页 流 程 图 3. 开发解决方案 3. 开发解决方案 主要活动 陈述根本原因 寻找可能解决方案 对最适用的可行方案达成一致 * 1. Present the problem (GAP) Team leader ~ 2 min - state the root cause 2. Create ideas (3-5 ideas per person) All individually ~ 10 min - write each idea on separate sheet of A4-paper 3. Discussion and prioritizing Teams of two persons ~ 15 min - combine similar ideas - choose 3 best ideas - hang on the wall 4. Present best ideas to other teams Double teams ~ 5 min - please, no discussion 5. Place solutions into groups Team ~ 5 min - combine similar ideas 6. Voting All individually ~ 5 min - choose the best solutions - 5 votes per person - max. 2 votes per one solution - max. 1 vote per own solution 7. Counting the votes Team leader ~ 5 min 8. Choose the solutions Team ~ 2 min - list the solutions in the order of voting * Corrective action tends to refer to short-term fixes. The advantages are that these kinds of solution tend to cost less, are easier to do, get people excited about the problem solving process, and may be all that is needed to eliminate the immediate pain caused by the problem. The disadvantages are that the solution is not addressing systemic causes, often does not lead to permanent solutions, and diverts resources from the “real issue.” Preventive action tends to be viewed as a long-term solution. The advantages are that these kinds of solutions can provide extens