美国公共信息披露制度中的信息性质分析-行政管理专业毕业论文.docxVIP

摘要本文以公共信息的性质为切入点，剖析了美国公共信息披露制度背后的动 摘要 本文以公共信息的性质为切入点，剖析了美国公共信息披露制度背后的动 因，为中国正在进行的信息公开制度构建提供指导和借鉴。 美国公共信息披露制度中的信息具有公共性和公开性两大基本特征。I公共 性可分为两类：因其所有者的“公共”特征而产生的信息的绝对公共性，又称所 有权的公共性；以及因其内容所体现的公私兼有的特征而产生的信息的相对公共 性，也称内容公共性。借用罗斯科·庞德的利益分类学说从一个新的角度解释了 公共信息的这种复杂的公共性尊基于信息公共性的复杂，在信息公开实践中披露 与否也不尽相同，信息的公开性聚焦于其中的原因分析。各种利益一一公共利益 与公共利益、公共利益与私人利益一一之间的冲突与平衡解释了公开性(度)的 不一致．矩阵分析以信息的公共性与公开性作为一组变量，恰如其分的将美国信 息披露制度中的各类公共信息都纳入其中』历史的梳理一一立法条文的几经修改 以及法院判决的不一致一一揭示出信息公共性与公开性的演变趋势。＼ X 关键词：公共信息；信息公开；信息披露；行政公开 分类号：D97l·管1 ＼Q A_BSI?RACrEffective A_BSI?RACr Effective public and political oversight requires detailed knowledge of agencies activities；and without disclosure of the associated records possessed by the government，citizens may be unable to determine whether an agency is ignoring violations ofthe law． This thesis focuses on analysis to the properties of the information revealed by the U．S．Information Disclosure Legal System．‘‘Public”is presumed the nature of the information in question．Moreover it Can be divided into two categories． Public(a)：resulted in the government’S possession of information．It’S known that a governmental agency has‘‘public power’based upon a valid legislative delegation of authority．Logically agencies are granted the ownership to the acquired public information through authority．It means that all information collected by an agency,no matter where it comes from，shall absolutely fall into the category of ‘‘public information”．1he term‘public information”in common is defined in this context．However the“public information’’in the govemment’S possession may not be able to shadow its privacy attribute．In fact，much of the public information comes from individuals，which makes public information blended and complex．The theory of interests by Roscoe Pound，to some extent，Can explain such a phenomenon． Public(b)：based upon the operation of information disclosure by the Federal agencies．Paradoxically，public information may not certainly“cause it available to public’．For example，Freedo