螺旋桨五轴数控加工参数优化与能耗计算-机械工程专业毕业论文.docxVIP

I I II II 摘 要 船用螺旋桨是船舶动力系统的重要部件，其设计与制造对于提高船舶推进系统性能 有着重要作用。螺旋桨叶片是一种典型的自由曲面零件，其直径大且曲面形状复杂，相 邻叶片间区域狭窄，易发生干涉碰撞。螺旋桨生产周期长，切削参数的优化是影响数控 加工效率的重要问题，对提高产品质量和生产率具有重要作用。本文对七轴五联动车铣 复合机床加工螺旋桨时加工工艺、刀具路径生成、切削参数优化和加工能耗计算等问题 进行了研究。 本文分析了螺旋桨叶片的形成和几何特征，推导了把螺旋桨截面型值点由局部坐标 系转化为全局坐标系的公式，计算了型值点在全局坐标系中的坐标，将型值点拟合得到 曲面型线，并通过各型线得到叶片曲面模型。 根据螺旋桨的几何特性分析了螺旋桨加工的工艺流程，将叶片曲面划分为重叠区和 非重叠区。根据叶片曲面的设计要求，计算了加工所用的刀具半径和合理的倾角，并计 算了加工步长、行距和残留高度，给出了侧铣加工时刀具路径计算方法，生成了无干涉 的刀位轨迹。为提高加工效率和加工质量，采用 Production Module 对加工时的力进行 了分析，对切削参数进行了优化，生成优化后的加工程序代码。 本文对采用七轴五联动车铣复合机床加工螺旋桨时的能耗计算方法进行了分析，计 算了加工过程的能耗并给出了相应算例，与以前采用人工砂轮磨削加工相比，可降低加 工能耗约 20%。 关键词：螺旋桨 建模 刀路 优化 能耗计算 Abstract Marine propeller is an important component of marine power systems. The design and manufacture of marine propeller play an important role for improving the performance of the ship propulsion systems. Propeller blade is a typical part of free surface, which has large diameter and complex shape. The region between adjacent blades is narrow and prone to collides with tools. The production cycle of propeller is long, optimization of cutting parameters is an important issue that affects the efficiency of NC machining, and plays the important roles for improving product quality and productivity. In this thesis, the machining process planning, tool path generation, cutting parameters optimization, energy calculation and other issues of processing propeller with 7-5 axis lathe mill machine tools have been studied. The formation of the propeller blades and geometric characteristics is analyzed in this thesis. The formula that transforms the data points from the local coordinate system into the global coordinate system is obtained and the coordinates of data points in the global coordinate system are calculated. Surface profile is obtained by fitting data points. Then leaf surface model is built. The propeller machining process is analyzed according to geometric characteristics. The leaf surface area is divided into overlapping and non-overlapping areas. Considering