美国尼克松政府医疗保险制度改革-世界史专业毕业论文.docxVIP

Abstract American’s Health Insurance Reform in the reign of Nixon American’s Health Insurance Reform in the reign of Nixon Abstract Health insurance reform was one of the most important domestic affairs for the American government since Franklin Roosevelt was the President. Health insurance reform has an important influence on the immediate interests of the citizens, and social stability and economic development of the United States. Nixon was the first President from the Republican Party who is interested in health insurance reform. When Richard Nixon got elected, there were two important problems in the American health insurance system, the inadequate coverage and the rising health care costs. So it is necessarily for Nixon to put the health insurance reform into effect. Nixon took many different reform measures, and these measures played an important role in the development of health insurance system and also were an important part of the health insurance reform history of the United States. Especially, “the Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973” became a milestone of the health insurance reform. It played an irreplaceable role on the transformation of medical insurance reimbursement mechanism, the health cost control and the improvement of public health coverage. Key words: U.S.; Nixon Administration; Health insurance; Reform Written by: WangJianchao Supervised by:Pro.GaoFangying II 目 录 前 言1 第一章 尼克松政府医疗保险改革的背景6 第一节 1969 年前医疗保险制度概况 6 一、商业医疗保险的发展演变6 二、公共医疗保险的发展演变9 第二节 尼克松政府初期的医疗保险状况及主要问题 11 一、医疗保险状况12 二、覆盖率和费用问题13 第三节 尼克松的医疗福利思想 15 第二章 推动医疗保险实现全民覆盖的改革18 第一节 1971 年全民医疗保险议案 18 一、议案的提出及主要内容19 二、议案的讨论和结果25 第二节 1974 年全民医疗改革议案 27 一、议案的提出和主要内容27 二、议案的争论和妥协28 第三章 控制医疗卫生费用的改革31 第一节 控制医疗卫生费用的管理性计划 32 一、需求证明计划32 二、专业标准评估组织计划32 第二节 控制医疗卫生费用的综合性计划——健康维护组织 33 一、健康维护组织的渊源34 二、1973 年《健康维护组织法》35 三、组织形式和运营方式41 第四章 尼克松政府医疗保险制度改革评价44 第一节 推行全民医保挫败的原因 44 一、美国的文化传统与政策取向44 二、美国的政治架构和政治文化45 三、美国的经济形势变化46 四、中产阶级的态度46 五、医疗保险体系的发展47 第二节 健康维护组织的成效 47 一、健康维护组织的发展47 二、健康维护组织的意义48 第三节