四川师范大学计算机科学学院C语言程序设计英文课件 lecture8.pptVIP

Lec 8: Characters and Strings 廖雪花 liaoxuehua@163.com TEL: 2008年5月 Objectives Contents Introduction Fundamentals of Strings and Characters Character Handling Library String Conversion Functions Standard Input/Output Library Functions String Manipulation Functions of the String Handling Library Comparison Functions of the String Handling Library Search Functions of the String Handling Library Memory Functions of the String Handling Library Other Functions of the String Handling Library Introduction Introduce some standard library functions Easy string and character processing Programs can process characters, strings, lines of text, and blocks of memory These techniques used to make Word processors Page layout software Typesetting programs Fundamentals of Strings and Characters Characters Building blocks of programs Every program is a sequence of meaningfully grouped characters Character constant An int value represented as a character in single quotes z represents the integer value of z Fundamentals of Strings and Characters Strings Series of characters treated as a single unit Can include letters, digits and special characters (*, /, $) String literal (string constant) - written in double quotes Hello Strings are arrays of characters String a pointer to first character Value of string is the address of first character Fundamentals of Strings and Characters String definitions Define as a character array or a variable of type char * char color[] = blue; char *colorPtr = blue; Remember that strings represented as character arrays end with \0 color has 5 elements Fundamentals of Strings and Characters Inputting strings Use scanf scanf(%s, word); Copies input into word[] Do not need (because a string is a pointer) Remember to leave room in the array for \0 Character Handling Library Character handling library Includes functions to perform useful tests and manipulations of character data Each function receives a character (an int) or EOF as an argume