美国教师专业发展学校历史考察-教育史专业毕业论文.docx

摘 摘 要 摘 要 美国传统师资培养模式下培养出来的教师由于缺乏教育实践能力，教师专业 化水平难以提高，这一状况受到了来自美国各界的批判。20 世纪 80 年代，伴随 着基础教育改革的不断推进，一场声势浩大的改革运动在教育领域里被掀起，教 师教育问题再次成为美国政府和社会各界关注的热点。1986 年，波士顿的爱德 华·迪沃深学校与维洛克学院建立起了第一所真正意义上的教师专业发展学校。 此后，数百所中小学和大学纷纷开始建立合作关系，到 90 年代初，在全美范围 内创立的教师专业发展学校超过了 100 所。 20 世纪 90 年代，以霍姆斯小组《明日的学校：专业发展学校设计原则》和 《明日的教育学院》的发布为标志，教师专业发展学校进入到了快速发展阶段， 到 2000 年初，全美已建立起 1000 多所教师专业发展学校，并在数量规模、专业 发展活动和合作伙伴关系等方面显现出了其独特的专业化特色。21 世纪，受联 邦政府基础教育改革政策和专业发展学校标准提出的影响，不同发展水平的教师 专业发展学校有了统一的规范标准和参考依据，美国教师专业发展学校进入到了 规范化发展阶段，在规范评估程序、细化合作标准、共享资源信息等方面进行了 改革。 如今，美国教师专业发展学校已成为了一种较为成熟的教育实践模式，其成 功经验对于强化我国师范院校与中小学的合作，加强教育理论与教学实践的结 合，改善教师在职培训工作，促进教师之间研究和实践交流，创造良好专业发展 平台有着现实的借鉴意义。 关键词 美国 教师专业发展学校 历史 I Abstract Abstract Abstract The teachers who were trained under American traditional training mode lack education practice ability, and their professional level is difficult to improve. Beacuse of the above situation, there was a lot criticism from all walks of life in America. In the 1980s, along with the reform of basic education, it set off a massive reform in the field of American teacher education. The problem of teacher education has attracted government and society’s attention again. And Professional Development School was generated and developed in this context. In 1986, Boston Edward Devotion School and Wheelock College established the first Professional Development School in the true sense. Since then, hundreds of schools and universities began to establish cooperative relations. Until the early 1990s, there were more than 100 Professional Development Schools across the United States was founded. In the 1990s, with Tomorrows Schools：Principles for the Design of Professional Development and Tomorrows Schools of Education issued by Holmes Group, Professional Development School entered into the rapid development stage, reflected in the expansion of Professional Development School’s quantity and scale, the strengthening of partnership, the diversification of professional development activities and o