马克思的自然观及其当代意义马克思主义哲学专业毕业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 人与自然的关系是人类的永恒主题。随着当今工业和科学技术的迅 猛发展，以及人们生活水平的不断提高，生态危机已成为人们日益关注 的问题。为了解决生态危机，国内外学者纷纷到马克思的著作中力求挖 掘出人与自然和谐相处的哲学思想，寻找根治生态危机的良策。马克思 的自然观，以实践为中介，从全新的视域理解人与自然、人与人和人与 社会三者之间的相互关系。 马克思的自然观是在对西方近代机械自然观的批判与超越的基础 上，实现了对黑格尔客观唯心自然观的扬弃，体现了对费尔巴哈人本学 唯物主义自然观的修正。从早期在《博士论文》中对自然观的关注，经 过《1844 年经济学--哲学手稿》、《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》 和《德意志 意识形态》对自然观的逐步深化，到《资本论》中对自然观的丰富与发 展，马克思构建了一个内容丰富、视野多元的自然观体系，客观深入地 剖析和把握马克思的自然观对于确立当代人的环境责任意识与生态文 明意识，解决严峻的生态问题，具有十分重要的意义 关键词：马克思；自然观；实践；意义 I II II Abstract The relationship between man and nature is the eternal theme of humanity. Along with the rapid development of industry and science and technology, and the improvement of peoples living standards, the ecological crisis has become a growing concern. In order to solve the ecological crisis, domestic and foreign scholars to the works of Marx to seek ways to cure the ecological crisis, dig out the philosophy of harmony between man and nature. Marxs view of nature, to practice as a medium from the new perspective of understanding the relationship between man and nature, man and man and man and society of the three. Marxs view of nature is in the criticism of the western modern mechanical view of nature and transcendental foundation, realizes the sublation of Hagel objective idealist view of nature, embodies the revision of Feuerbachs humanist materialist view of nature. From the early concept of nature in doctoral dissertation of concern, after 1844 economics - Philosophy Manuscript, outline of Feuerbach and the German Ideology on the view of nature gradually deepening, to enrich and development concept of natural capital in, Marx constructs a rich content, from the perspective of multi concept of the natural system, objective and in-depth analysis and understanding of Marxs view of nature for the establishment of contemporary peoples environmental awareness of responsibility and consciousness of ecological civilization, to solve the severe ecological problems, has a very important significance Key words: Marx；Natural vi