欧洲文化入门复习资料.docVIP

细节知识点 Greek ＆Roman drama Aeschylus埃斯基洛斯：Prometheus Bound 被束缚的普罗米修斯,Persians波斯人，Agamennon Sophcles索发克里斯：（tragic art）Oedipus the king, Electra，Antigone Euripides欧里庇得斯：“problem plays”，Andromache，Medea，Trojan Women Aristophanes阿里斯多芬尼斯：Frogs，Clouds，Wasps，Birds Historian Herodotus：*“father of history”* from Greek to Persians *full of anecdotes and dialogues ,interesting Thucydides: *younger than Herodotus *Athens to Sparta and Athens to Syracuse希拉库萨 *style is imagination and power *the greatest historian that ever lived philosophy and science Pythagoras毕达哥拉斯： *bold thinker *believe everything is numbers* scientific mathematics----point，line ，magnitude震级，surface，body，first proportion Heracleitus赫拉克里克：*fire is the primary element of universe *sayings: all is flux，nothing stationary/you cannot step twice into the same river/fresh waters are ever flowing in upon you/ the sun is new every day. *believe mingling of opposites ,opposites produce harmony (二) Bible translation Latin version：383-405AD by St .Jerome English version：1382 John Wycliff (三)Middle ages/ Medieval 1. AD 476 Roman power was gone 2. after 1054 Church was divided into Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Church 3.The Crusades: 1096－1291 last for about 200 years 4.learning： ● Charlemagne查理曼大帝： *western and central Europe *father of Europe .Emperor of Romans in 800 *Carolingian Renaissance加洛林 *encourage Christian religion and ancient learning by setting monastery schools ● Alfred the Great阿尔弗雷德大帝： *ruler of Anglo Saxon of Wessex *Encourage teacher and scholars , Wessex center of learning *Anglo Saxon chronicles英国编年史 ● St .Thomas Aquinas *Italian philosopher ,scholasticism经院哲学 *Summa Contra Centiles , Summa Theologiae 《神学大全》 *building a society of “God’s rule””God’s will” ，Pope is“Christ’s plenipotentiary基督的全权代表 ” above secular rulers ● Roger Bacon罗杰培根 *a British monk ,one of the earliest advocates of experimental scientific research and observation *