洛克的自由教育思想及其对我国家庭教育的启示-教育学专业毕业论文.docx

摘要 摘要 万方数据 万方数据 摘要 约翰?洛克是英国 17 世纪著名的思想家、哲学家、教育家、近代自由主义思想的奠基 人，他提出的自由教育思想不仅在当时很长一段时间里影响了英国那些较为开明的父母， 而且对后世其他欧美国家产生了深远且巨大的影响。 在自由教育理论中，洛克非常重视教育的作用，强调人的千差万别乃是教育的原因， 提出了著名的“白板说”。洛克强调教育的目的在于培养一种具有“德行、智慧、礼仪、 学问”四项基本特质的新型绅士，而这种新型绅士同时也是政治社会所需要的自由公民， 是一个独立自主、具有良好德行的理性自由人。洛克认为自由教育应遵循三大原则，即服 从理性原则、顺应自然原则和实用原则。 洛克的自由教育思想内涵丰富，其基本内容包括以“忍耐劳苦”为标准的健康教育观， 基于“理性”的道德教育观以及旨在发展“理解能力”的知识教育观。在教育场所的选择 方面，洛克同样与众不同，明确指出学校不可能培养出绅士。在他看来，儿童在学校中容 易习得不良习气，正是学校教育的众多弊端使得家庭成为唯一一个能为儿童提供良好教育 环境的场所。家庭教师是在家庭中对儿童进行自由教育所必需的教育者，应该具有良好的 教养，熟谙世事，深知人情世故。 洛克的自由教育思想渗透到了英国教育实践的方方面面，至今仍影响着世界各国的家 庭教育。深入研究洛克的自由教育思想必定会为我国今天的家庭教育带来一些有益的启 示。 关键词：洛克；自由教育；理性；健康教育；道德教育；知识教育 I Ab Abstract Abstract John Locke is the British philosopher and ideologist and educator in the seventeenth century, as the founder of the modern liberalism. The liberal education thought that he came up with not only affect those relatively open-minded parents in the very long period of time, but also have a huge and far-reaching influence on Britain and other Europeans and Americans. Locke attached great importance to the role of education. He held that mankind was different for education and came up with the famous “White board”. He thought that education aims at cultivating a new type of gentleman with four basic characteristics “virtue, wisdom, etiquette, learning”. The new type of gentleman is free citizen that political society needs and is a reasonable and free citizen with sense of independence and good virtue.Locke also put forward that the process of the implementation of liberal education should follow the three principles: principle of complying with principle, principle of conforming to nature , functional principle . The rich connotation of Locke’s liberal education is mainly made up of health education with “parent toil” for the standard, moral education based on “rationality” knowledge education for development of “understanding”. As for the choice of education places, Locke listed many of the problems of school education. In his opini