马克思社会批判理论视角转换-马克思主义哲学专业毕业论文.docxVIP

II II 马克思对资本主义社会的实践批判视角，是指马克思运用实践哲学的 立场和观点对作为资本主义一切社会问题根源的资本主义经济关系进行的 批判。通过对资本关系的分析，促使马克思对推翻资本主义统治、实现社 会变革做出了科学的理论分析。实践批判视角是对理性批判视角的超越， 它把观念形态的批判和物质形态的批判结合起来，将解释世界和改变世界 统一起来，既保留了对资本主义批判的价值性内涵，同时，通过揭示资本 主义经济形态产生、发展和灭亡的必然性，又体现了对资本主义社会批判 的科学性，实现了价值性与科学性的统一。因此，实践批判的确立预示着 马克思社会批判理论的完成。 马克思对资本主义社会的批判经历了从理性批判到实践批判的视角转 换，这一视角的转换，不仅使我们清晰地看到了马克思哲学思维方式转变 的过程，也使我们对资本主义本质的认识更加深刻和透彻，对指导我们认 识其它社会批判理论和反思我国当前的社会发展实践也有重要的启示意 义。 关键词：马克思 社会批判理论 视角转换 理性批判 实践批判 III III PERSPECTIVE CONVERSION OF MARX’S SOCIAL CRITICAL THEORY ABSTRACT Perspective refers to an angle that people observe and study problems. Theory perspective means an angle that people base on a certain theory and applies its position and viewpoint to study problems. If perspective is different, opinions 、methods and result are different. Perspective of Marxs social critical theory is the angle of Marx criticized capitalist society. The finish of Marx’s social critical theory to a capitalist society had undergone a conversion process from rational critical perspective to practical critical perspective. Marx’s criticism to capitalist society began in perspective of rational criticism. The presence of rational criticism was due to the contradiction among Marx’s humanistic feelings、social ideal of democracy and freedom and social reality, its positions and viewpoints based on Germany’s rational philosophy, namely Hegel’s speculative philosophy and Feuerbachs humanism. Marx judged social realities with rational philosophy and criticized phenomenon of social alienation, especially political alienation and labor alienation. Because rational criticism had its own limitations, so it cannot help Marx realize his purpose of PAGE PAGE VI social criticism. In particular, Marx had been aware of deficiencies of rational philosophy, which is based on abstract principles rather than a living reality and practical way of thinking. So, rational criticism can’t thoroughly criticize the essence of capitalist society and fundamentally chang