云南农业大学计算机导论课件Chapter2 Data Representation.pptVIP

2.1 DATA TYPES Data today come in different forms such as numbers, text, images, audio, and video. People need to process all these data types. 2.2 DATA INSIDE THE COMPUTER 2.3 REPRESENTING DATA TEXT How many bits are needed in a bit pattern to represent a symbol in a language? Codes The following highlights some features of this code: ASCII uses a 7-bit pattern ranging from 0000000 to 1111111. The numeric characters (0 to 9) are coded before letters. The uppercase letters (A...Z) come before the lowercase letters (a...z). The upper-and lowercase characters are distinguished by only 1 bit. For example, the pattern for A is 1000001; the pattern for a is 1100001. The only difference is in the sixth bit from the right. …… IMAGES To represent color images, each colored pixel is decom-posed into three primary colors: red, green, and blue (RGB). Then the intensity of each color is measured, and a bit pattern (usually 8 bits) is assigned to it. In other words, each pixel has three bit patterns: one to represent the intensity of the red color, one to represent the intensity of the green color, and one to represent the intensity of the blue color. Vector Graphic The vector graphic method does not store the bit patterns. An image is decomposed into a combination of curves and lines. Each curve or line is represented by a mathematical formula. For example, a line may be described by the coordinates of its endpoints, and a circle may be described by the coordinates of its center and the length of its radius. The combination of these formulas is stored in a computer. When the image is to be displayed or printed, the size of the image is given to the system as an input. The system redesigns the image with the new size and uses the same formula to draw the image. In this case, each time an image is drawn, the formula is reevaluated. AUDIO The steps to change audio data to bit patterns as follows: The analog signal is sampled. Sampli