三峡工程库区地质灾害易损性评价与区划研究-地质工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘要长江三峡工程库区是中国崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害最严重 摘要 长江三峡工程库区是中国崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害最严重 的地区之一。灾害是其危险性对承灾体易损性作用的结果，目前很难 控制灾害源与灾害载体，只有通过对承灾体的保护和降低其易损性来 减少灾害造成的损失，降低易损性便成为减灾的重要措施。本文旨在 对库区进行地质灾害易损性量化计算、区划和评价，并提出降低易损 性的减灾对策。在文献研究、野外调查和专家咨询的基础上，以整个 库区为研究区、所辖20个县市区为评价区，从自然环境和社会经济 来了解库区并分析其易损性成因；综述易损性评价理论，确定库区评 价方法，依据其社会经济指标和近年灾后损失统计数据，作灾前与灾 后两方面评价；灾前评价采用模糊综合评判法，取人口密度、GDP密 度等6个指标；灾后评价基于灾后损失法，选灾害密度、灾害频数等 4个指标；完成易损性综合评价，提出减灾措施。结果表明，库区地 质灾害易损度总体较高；10个高易损区是夷陵区、巴东县、巫溪县、 万州区、开县、石柱县、渝北区、巴南区、重庆主城区和江津市，4 个较高易损区为秭归县、兴山县、巫山县和长寿区，6个较低易损区 是奉节县、云阳县、忠县、丰都县、涪陵区和武隆县。今后减灾规划 宜将高易损和较高易损区作为重点；各评价区易损性因素多、差异大， 建议从降低易损性入手、因地制宜地制定减灾措施，以提高防灾投入、 改善生态环境等非工程措施为主，工程措施为辅。 关键词易损性，地质灾害，三峡库区，综合评价，减灾 III AB AB STRACT The Yangtze River Three Gorges Reservoir Area is one of the severest areas in geological hazard such as falling，landslide and debris flow throughout China．Disaster iS a mixed result from risk of hazards and vulnerability of disaster bearers．At present．it iS quite difficult to control sources and carriers of disasters．People may only protect disaster bearers and reduce their vulnerability in order to decrease loss from disasters．Then，reducing vulnerability has been a kind of important method for disaster mitigation．The aim for the paper iS to make quantificational calculation of geological hazard vulnerabi lity,and to make zoning and evaluation，and then to put forward disaster mitigation countermeasure for the Reservoir Area．Based on literature study,field investigate and specialist consultation，and make the Reservoir Area a research zone．and make its 20 popedoms evaluation zones．Know the Reservoir Area and analyze its vulnerabil ity cause of formation from natural environment to social economy．Summarize the theory of vulnerability evaluation and fix on evaluation methods for the Reservoir Area．Then make pre—disaster and post．disaster evaluation with datas of social economic indexes and recent statistical disaster lOSS．In pre．disaster evaluation，adopt the method named fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and 6 indexes includi