运动系统概况 Locomotor System.ppt

Structures of bone Bone substance 骨密质compact bone 骨松质spongy bone:骨小梁trabeculae Periosteum and endosteum * Locomotor System 运动系统 Bones --- Osteology Joints or articulations --- Arthrology Skeletal muscles --- Myology bones joints muscles —— motive force skeleton framework movement protection storage of minerals formation of blood cells Introduction Classification of bone Bones are classified according to their position and shape. 按部位分为颅骨、躯干骨和附肢骨 skull bones of trunk appendicular skeleton Bones in adult are 206 in number. Osteology axial bones 按形态分为四类 长骨long bone 短骨short bone 扁骨flat bone 不规则骨irregular bone shaft epiphyses Epiphysial lines Long bone (found in limbs): Shape: tubular Action: levers 骨干Diaphysis or shaft 骨髓腔medullary cavity 骨髓bone marrow Two extremities－骺epiphysis,关节面 articular surface 骺软骨epiphysial cartilage 骺线epiphysial line Short bone: cuboidal in shape, e.g. carpal bones Action-bear weight In the flat bones of the skull, the layers of compact bone are called the outer plate(外板) and inner plate(内板), while the layer of spongy bone is called the diplo?(板障). Flat bone Include: 肋ribs, 胸骨sternum, 肩胛骨scapula, 部分颅骨bones of skull Action: protection Irregular bone 椎骨vertebrae, 部分颅骨some cranial bones, 髋骨hip bones 籽骨Sesamoid bone: develop within tendon Bone marrow: Red marrow Yellow marrow Chemical composition and physical properties Organic materials Inorganic salts 4 1 Old 7 3 Adult 1 1 Children Inorganic salts Organic materials fracture softer deformed physical properties Arthrology The bones are connected together by means of fibrous connective tissue, cartilaginous or osseous tissues at different parts of their surfaces, and such a connection are called joint or articulation. Classification There are two main types of articulations or joint. 直接连结Continuous joints 纤维连结Fibrous joints 韧带Syndesmosis 逢Suture 软骨连结Cartilaginous joints 透明